8. The variety of forms of mythological and religious consciousness (images, logic and irrationalism, mysticism)

The plan for the content of religion (i.e., mythological-religious consciousness) includes a number of components that have different psychological and cognitive natures.

These are the components:

1) faith as a psychological attitude to accept certain information and follow it;

2) mythopoetic (visual-figurative) content;

3) theoretical (abstract-logical) component;

4) intuitive-mystical content.

Theology (from the Greek theos - God, logos - word, doctrine) - theology, a system of religious theoretical knowledge about God, his essence and being.

If the origins of Christianity had mythopoetic legends, visual, emotionally rich, artistic and expressive and therefore easily penetrated the soul of ordinary people, then the core of the religious consciousness of Buddhism or Taoism, on the contrary, is a mystical-theoretical doctrine, concept, idea.

The abstract-theoretical component of religious consciousness in different traditions can be significantly different in terms of the ratio of the speculative (rational-logical) and irrational principles in it.

In the structure of the religious consciousness of each religion, to one degree or another, there is a mystical component, but this measure can be significantly different.

Mysticism (from the Greek mustikos - mysterious) is:

1) what happens in ecstasy (trance) is direct, i.e. without intermediaries (priests, shamans, clergymen, mediums) communication or even unity of a person with God (Absolute);

2) teachings about mystical communication with higher powers and mystical knowledge.

Mystical communication means that a person hears the answer of God, knows, understands what was said to him from Heaven.

Anthroposophy - (anthropos - man, sophia - wisdom) - an occult-mystical teaching about the secret spiritual powers and abilities of a person, as well as about the ways of their development based on a special pedagogical system.

Mystical experiences and "luminous revelations of the meaning of life", apparently, are associated with a sharp activation of subconscious mental forces, all the possibilities of sensual and intellectual intuition. A common feature of mystical experiences is their "inexpressibility" - the incredible difficulty of presentation, in fact, the impossibility of conveying "the acquired impressions in the usual language of this world."

Thus, the content of religion in its psychological nature is extremely heterogeneous. This is connected with the general high degree of logical and verbal (verbal-conceptual) blurring of religious meanings and, as a practical consequence, the need for constant philological efforts when referring to the texts of Scripture.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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