29. What Every Christian Should Know

With the spread of dogma in breadth and as it develops, a certain hierarchy of meanings is formed - the distinction between the main and the secondary and the tertiary. The Christian Church quite early felt the need to define the corpus of the main, universally recognized and obligatory truths of the dogma - dogmas. However, books on theology were difficult and inaccessible to the masses of believers. The common people needed a kind of ABC of dogma.

There are two main genres of such texts in Christianity:

1) creed (listing in the established sequence of 12 articles of faith);

2) catechism (statement of the foundations of faith in questions and answers).

The Creed, still canonical for Orthodoxy, was compiled by the fathers of the I and II Ecumenical Councils in the city of Nicaea (in 325) and in Constantinople (381), which is why it is called Niceno-Constantinople.

The first Protestant catechism - "A summary of the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer" - was compiled by Martin Luther in 1520.

In the East Slavic tradition, the first catechism, and in the vernacular (simple language), was published by the famous Belarusian Protestant Symon Budny (Nesvizh, 1562).

The first Orthodox catechism among the Eastern Slavs was developed by the "didaskal" of the Lvov fraternal school Lavrentiy Zizaniy.

This catechism Lavrentiy and his son brought in 1627 to Moscow, to the Sovereign's Printing Yard for printing.

As we can see, the catechisms are composed by church leaders-reformers and higher hierarchs. Functionally close to the Creed and the Catechism are the so-called symbolic books, or confessions of faith.

All Christian communal services, including the main of them - the liturgy - include common prayers, singing and reading passages from sacred books.

The composition and sequence of prayers, chants and readings depends on three time coordinates that determine the place of a particular service in three cycles:

1) in daily worship;

2) in the church year;

3) in the Easter cycle.

The circle of those texts that are read and sung in Christian worship includes almost all the texts of the New Testament (excluding the "Revelation of John the Theologian" - the Apocalypse), a number of texts of the "Old Testament" (especially the "Psalter"), further prayers and hymns of the apostolic times.

In terms of the composition of texts and composition, those books of Holy Scripture that are read in divine services differ significantly from the extra-liturgical books of the Christian canon.

Another genre of liturgical books, compiled from selected fragments of Scripture, is the Paremiinik. It is a collection of stories from the Old or New Testaments that are read at the evening service.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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