History of world religions. Prayer canon of Islam "Arabic Code of Law" (the most important)

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History of world religions. Prayer canon of Islam "Arabic Code of Law" (the most important)

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35. Prayer canon of Islam "Arab Code"

In comparison with Christianity and especially Orthodoxy, Muslim worship may seem almost ascetically simple and monotonous. It is strictly regulated, there are no sacraments, chants, music in it. One of the five most important ritual duties of every Muslim is the canonical prayer-worship - salat (Arabic), or in Persian - prayer. Salat is performed five times a day, at certain hours (according to the sun). At the appointed time, a special minister of the mosque - muezzin (literally - "inviting, announcing") from the tower of the minaret or just a hillock calls the faithful to obligatory prayer.

There are no requests in the ritual prayer of a Muslim. Salat expresses and confirms loyalty and submission to Allah.

A Muslim cannot pray by the way. Salat is a separate, independent act of the soul and will, completely dedicated to God.

Devout Muslims are required to pray five times a day. However, once a week, on Fridays, Muslims must pray in the mosque, then the main weekly sermon, the khutba, is delivered.

The main difficulties in the legal use of Islamic Scripture and Tradition were as follows.

Turning to hadiths as a source of law was difficult because the degree of reliability of different hadiths was different and not generally recognized. The direct use of the Qur'an as an "Arabic code of law" was hampered by the fact that the legal norms in it were often formulated too abstractly and concisely.

Comprehensive commentary and development of the legislative guidelines of the Koran and hadith became the main content of Isam theology. There are two main types of legal interpretation of sacred books: tafsir and fiqh.

tafsir - this is a special scientific interpretation, using the methods of purely religious reasoning and all kinds of data on the chronology and history of sacred texts.

Fiqh is more practical in nature. This is Muslim canon law, including the theory of Islamic law. “Fiqh is also a theoretical justification and understanding of Shariah - the correct way of life for a Muslim; therefore, the terms “Shariah” and “fiqh” often replace each other.”

Sharia (from Arabic Sharia - the right way, road, - a set of legal norms, principles and rules of conduct, religious life and actions of a Muslim. The main task of Sharia was to assess various circumstances of life from the point of view of religion. Fiqh supplemented Sharia in purely legal aspects.

In the modern world of Islam, only collections of fiqh have the force of law, and the Koran and hadiths are books primarily for edifying reading, hard-to-understand primary sources of law and morality.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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