History of world religions. The fate of canon law in Christianity, the dogma of the Holy Trinity and the “Arian heresy” (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
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History of world religions. The fate of canon law in Christianity, the dogma of the Holy Trinity and the “Arian heresy” (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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31. The fate of canon law in Christianity, the dogma of the Holy Trinity and the "Arian heresy"

Unlike Judaism and Islam, in Christianity, the most important principles of law are contained not in confessional, but in secular texts dating back to pre-Christian sources.

If in Judaism and Islam the basic principles of confessional law (as well as civil law) are contained in Holy Scripture - in the Tanakh and the Koran, then the sources of canon law among Christians are associated not with Scripture, but with Tradition.

In Byzantium, the first codification of church rules was carried out by an outstanding lawyer, before being tonsured - by an Antiochian lawyer, and then by the Patriarch of Constantinople John Scholasticus (565-571).

The collection of church rules and imperial decrees concerning the church prepared by him was called "Nomocanon". "Nomocanon" in the edition of Patriarch Photius (IX century) was translated into Old Church Slavonic by St. Methodius.

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity of God developed in the XNUMXth century. in heated debates with religious dissent. The dogma of the Holy Trinity is recognized as the basis of Christian doctrine and the main theological problem of Christianity. At the same time, the dogma of the Holy Trinity "is a dogma that is mysterious and incomprehensible at the level of reason" (Dogmatic theology).

According to Christian teaching, the Holy Trinity is the three persons of God: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.

Arius (256-336), a priest from Alexandria, taught that the Son of God is a creation of God, and therefore not God. But the Son is endowed with Divine power, and therefore can be called the “second God.” According to Arius, the Spirit is the highest creation of the Son. Arius called the Holy Spirit "grandson."

The "Arian heresy" was a bogey back in the XNUMXth century. for Russian Old Believers.

Arianism as a current of Christian thought to the VI century. has lost its meaning. However, disagreements in understanding the Trinity in the Holy Trinity continued to excite theologians.

Differences between Western and Eastern Christianity in the interpretation of the Trinity led to the emergence of two different editions of the Christian Creed.

The Western change in the Creed - they added the filioque (from the Latin filioque - “and from the Son”) - reflects a different, not “equilibrium”, more subordinate understanding of the Trinity: the Son is younger than the Father, the Father and the Son are the sources of the Spirit. To the previous formula: “The Spirit proceeds from the Father” by St. Augustine added: "and from the Son."

It was this dogmatic divergence, expressed in the Western addition of the words "and from the Son", that became (in 1054) a partial reason for the division of Christianity into Western and Eastern churches.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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