История мировых религий. Атеистическая концепция (самое важное)

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История мировых религий. Атеистическая концепция (самое важное)

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4. Atheistic concept

Atheistic religion concept received its most consistent, complete development in Marxism. According to Marxism, the main reason for the existence of religion is the spontaneity of social development, when people are not able to consciously manage social relations. Unknown and hostile to people, the laws of social development are personified and become "divine providence." Separate historical events are considered as predestinations of "divine providence".

According to Marxism, "religion will disappear to the extent that socialism develops. Its disappearance must occur as a result of social development, in which education plays a major role."

In addition to the social roots of religion, Marxism considers its epistemological and psychological roots.

The epistemological roots of religion - these are the possibilities of forming a religion associated with the knowledge of the world.

According to Marxism, the epistemological roots of religion are not specific to it, but are common to any "illusory, false consciousness, be it religion, idealistic philosophy, or any other form of false consciousness."

The emergence of religion is associated not only with the peculiarities of human cognition, but also with the peculiarities of human emotions, in this regard, they are talking about the psychological roots of religion.

Psychological roots of religion - are in the emotional sphere of the human psyche.

A special role, according to atheists, belongs to such an emotion as fear in the emergence of religion. "Fear created the gods" - this expression of the poet Station was repeated over the centuries by many authors. But if the pre-Marxist atheists reduced the reasons for the emergence of religion to fear of the forces of nature, then Marxism puts "social fear" in the first place. Fear in the face of death is not overcome by faith in the immortality of the soul.

Individual immortality - an illusion, true immortality can only be social and is determined by the contribution that a person has made to the development of society.

The psychological roots of religion are not limited to a permanent sense of fear in an antagonistic society. Favorable ground for religion is also created by other negative emotions - grief, grief, loneliness, which are also socially conditioned. Speaking of negative emotions as the psychological roots of religion, Marxism emphasizes that by themselves these feelings do not lead to religiosity, everything depends, first of all, on social reality, on personality traits, on living conditions, upbringing and environment.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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