6. The main stages in the history of esotericism, the esoteric traditions of the East and West. Esotericism and religion

Beginning with the Roman emperor Constantine, esoteric knowledge became officially forbidden. The revival of the esoteric tradition in the West followed the line of "Templars-Rosicrucians-Masons-occultists of the late XIX - early XX centuries - modern occultists."

In the East, the esoteric tradition was not interrupted. On the basis of the Eastern tradition, with the involvement of the restored Western esotericism, such teachings arose as the theosophy of E. Blavatsky and the anthroposophy of R. Steiner that emerged from it, as well as the Agni Yoga (Living Ethics) of the Roerichs.

Esoteric knowledge is divided into Western esotericism, based on the teachings of Hermes Trismegistus, Tarot cards and Kabbalah, and Eastern esotericism, based on the teachings of Shambhala, on the teachings of Buddhism, Vedanta (India) and Taoism (China). Western and Eastern esotericism are divided into a number of directions and schools.

Eastern spirituality does not deny this difference in relation to the "created" man, but explores the "uncreated", truly immortal principle in man (Atman), between which and God (Brahman) there is no abyss.

The highest spiritual ideal in the East is God-realisation, which means complete identification with God. In the West, the highest spiritual ideal is limited to the "salvation of the soul." In the West, a person is only "God-like" and the maximum that he can count on here in a metaphysical sense is "getting into Paradise." In the East, man in his ultimate depth is God, and here his metaphysical goal is to become God himself.

Esotericism is the core of any religion, its deepest essence. Religion is intended for those who choose the "winding path" of spiritual development, that is, the "broad gate" to the Kingdom of God.

Esotericism provides its adepts with a much more difficult, but much faster "direct path" of spiritual perfection - the "narrow gate" to the Kingdom of God.

Every serious religion has its esoteric seed. So, for example, in Orthodoxy it is hesychasm, in Islam it is Sufism, in Judaism it is Kabbalah, etc.

Esotericism and philosophy. Philosophy is a rationalistic form of worldview, and therefore it is not capable of penetrating beyond the Dense World. Esotericism, with the help of supersensible methods of cognition, explores all Planes of Existence, that is, the Subtle Worlds, and not just the Dense World.

Esotericism and parapsychology. Parapsychology is a “scientific” form of esotericism, through which modern science is trying to reconcile esotericism, built mainly on supersensible methods of cognition, and the purely rationalistic worldview that is currently dominant.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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