История мировых религий. Основные этапы сложения религиозного канона в ряде исповеданий (самое важное)

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История мировых религий. Основные этапы сложения религиозного канона в ряде исповеданий (самое важное)

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51. The main stages in the formation of the religious canon in a number of confessions

The formation of the religious canon in the Jewish and Christian traditions was a long, centuries-old process. In Judaism, the most important part of the Tanakh, its first five books, the Torah, was the first to be canonized. A fully Jewish Bible code was established by the Jamnia Council of Rabbis around 100 CE. e.

The basis of the Christian Old Testament canon is the "Septuagint" - the Greek translation of the Old Testament, made in the III-II centuries. BC e. Hellenized Jews in Alexandria. The "Septuagint" includes about 10 new biblical translations from Hebrew, as well as new works, not translated, but written by the Jews in Greek.

Since there were 50 works in the Septuagint, the Christian Old Testament exceeds the Jewish one. Historically, there have been differences in the composition of the Old Testament canon between the Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants.

The Orthodox, although they publish in the Bible all 50 books that were part of the Septuagint, consider 39 of them canonical.

There are 46 books printed in the Catholic "Old Testament".

The Protestants, and above all Martin Luther, relied in principle on the Jewish canon.

Thus, in the Protestant Old Testament canon, as well as in the Jewish Tanakh, there are 39 works. The Christian biblical canon was adopted in 393 at the Council of Hippo. But since this council was local, it took the adoption of the canon at the ecumenical council, which happened only in 1546-1563, at the XIX council. In the history of the formation of genres of confessional literature between the individual religions of Scripture, there are general patterns:

1) a record of the teaching originally distributed orally;

2) addition of the religious canon;

3) the addition of the second most important opus of highly authoritative texts that fill in the content gaps;

4) the development of theology, or theology;

5) on the basis of dogmatic theology, the church hierarchy develops a creed and a catechism;

6) a special subsystem is formed by texts used in worship;

7) mystical-esoteric texts are associated with the mystical principle;

8) preaching is initially present in the religious communication of people;

9) elements of the sacred text become the content of interpretations;

10) in cultures based on the religion of the Scriptures, around the "core", the fundamental texts of the dogma, a diverse and extensive literature of a transitional, or mixed, confessional-secular character is formed. Church themes were combined here with the themes and tasks of didactics, polemics, historiography, philology, and natural science.

The above list of genre-thematic areas of confessional literature is not chronological.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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