History of world religions. "Sermon on the Mount" and early Christian homilies (the most important)

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History of world religions. "Sermon on the Mount" and early Christian homilies (the most important)

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30. "Sermon on the Mount" and early Christian homily

The famous "Sermon on the Mount" is both a parallel, and an addition, and an antithesis to the Old Testament "Decalogue" - the Ten Chief Commandments of Judaism. However, a number of passages are precisely the denial of the commandments of the Old Testament.

If the Ten Commandments of the "Old Testament" by their genre-communicative nature is a "quote", "fragment" from the Revelation given by God, then the New Testament "Sermon on the Mount" of Jesus Christ is both the Revelation of God and the Sermon of the Teacher.

The Sermon on the Mount allows us to imagine the features of early Christian preaching: its communicative-rhetorical power and skill, most likely, are not prudent, but spontaneous and therefore all the more effective.

Historical sources testify that in the first centuries of Christianity, a sermon was a common accompaniment to the actual service to God (liturgy) and collective prayers.

The early Christian preaching was called homily (Greek omilia meeting, community; conversation, teaching). Later came the term homiletics - "rules for the composition of sermons; the science of church eloquence."

"Thematic" sermon (it was also called "university") for several centuries was felt as the pinnacle of church-rhetorical learning. If the order of services is strictly prescribed by the Missal and the Typicon, then preaching is a free genre.

There is unpredictability in preaching and therefore the risk of being unorthodox. Therefore, the Orthodox and Catholic Churches, especially in the past, in one way or another limited the possibilities of preaching.

Protestants, on the contrary, actively developed preaching, seeing in free preaching a return to the purity and religious creativity of early Christian times.

Among Orthodox Eastern Slavs, learned liturgical sermons have been part of church life since the XNUMXth century, while overcoming considerable resistance from conservative clerical circles.

terms exegesis и hermeneutics go back to Greek words with a close meaning (albeit distant roots) and therefore are translated almost the same way: exegesis (from the Greek. exegetikos - explaining) - this is an explanation, interpretation; hermeneutics (from the Greek hermeneutikos - explaining, interpreting) - art, technique of interpreting classical texts.

As a result, a special type (or genre) of canonical texts has developed - the Explanatory Gospel, the Explanatory Psalter, the Explanatory Apostle. Books of this type included the biblical text and interpretations of it.

In modern times, Christianity has developed interpretations of all the books of the Old and New Testaments.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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