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cloud in the universe

04.12.2006

Launched by the European Space Agency, the Newton X-ray Space Telescope has discovered a giant cloud of interstellar gas three million light-years across in the Abell 3266 galaxy cluster (visible in the southern hemisphere of the celestial sphere).

If this gas emitted visible light, in the southern sky the huge cloud would look only half the size of the Moon, although it is immeasurably further away, several million light-years from Earth. Every hour, due to a gas leak, the cloud loses a mass equal to the mass of the Sun.

If this continues, it will dissipate in a hundred million years.

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Excess weight harms memory and learning ability 24.09.2018

Like humans, mice that eat a lot of fatty foods gain weight very quickly. After 12 weeks of the high-fat diet, the rodents weighed nearly 40 percent more than their counterparts who received the standard diet. Animals participating in the experiment of American scientists showed signs of weakened mental strength: mice with excess weight remembered the location of an object in labyrinths worse than mice "in shape".

Nerve cells have microscopic processes called dendritic spines (they are located on dendrites - processes of neurons) that are able to form a synoptic connection with other neurons. Compared to normal mice, the obese mice had fewer dendritic spines in several parts of the hippocampus, a brain structure that plays a big role in learning and memory.

The results show that the number of processes on the dendrites is reduced due to the fault of immune cells called microglia. In obese mice, these cells were more active just among the processes of nerve cells: they destroy dendritic spines. When the researchers tried to interfere with the microglia, the nerve cell outgrowths were protected and the mice scored better on tests of thinking.

Similar studies in the future will help find protection against brain problems associated with obesity. Overweight people are at higher risk for diseases such as Alzheimer's, and some researchers suspect that microglia may be responsible for brain disease in general.

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