Конституционное право Российской Федерации. Период перестройки. Принятие Конституции РФ 1993 г. (самое важное)

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Конституционное право Российской Федерации. Период перестройки. Принятие Конституции РФ 1993 г. (самое важное)

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11. A period of perestroika. ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1993

In 1990, laws of the USSR were adopted on the citizenship of the USSR (the practice of depriving Soviet citizenship by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was stopped), on the principles of delimitation of powers between the USSR and the union republics, on the procedure for secession of a union republic from the USSR.

In 1991, a new Union Treaty was being prepared for signing, but the plans for its adoption were not destined to come true. In fact, in 1991 the USSR began to fall apart, turning into a confederal structure. In the spring of 1991, at a referendum, the citizens of the USSR spoke in favor of preserving the USSR as a single state. Meanwhile, centrifugal tendencies were intensifying. In August 1991, the nomenklatura union elite, headed by the Vice-President of the USSR G. Yanaev, went on a putsch - an extra-constitutional State Committee for the State of Emergency of the USSR was created, but the putsch was suppressed by the Russian authorities, headed by the President of the RSFSR elected on June 12, 1991 B .N. Yeltsin. In September 1991, the Baltic republics (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) left the USSR, in December 1991 the Soviet Union ceased to exist at all, on its ruins, at the initiative of the leadership of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, the CIS was created.

Back in the spring of 1990, on the basis of alternative elections, the First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR was formed, which on June 12, 1990 adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, then amendments to the Constitution of the RSFSR were adopted, as a result of the referendum of the RSFSR (March 1991), the post President of the RSFSR. In April 1991, the laws of the RSFSR on the President of the RSFSR and the election of the President of the RSFSR were adopted. In June 1991, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin. Political pluralism and pluralism of forms of ownership in the RSFSR were constitutionally fixed. In 1991 the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR was established. At the same time, the Constitution of the RSFSR did not consistently proclaim the principle of separation of powers, which provoked a conflict between the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation in 1992-1993 On March 31, 1992, in order to avoid the collapse of Russia, the Federal Treaty was signed in Moscow.

In September 1993, the President of the Russian Federation dissolved the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and scheduled elections to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation for December 1993.

December 12, 1993 At the national referendum, the Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted, at the same time deputies of the State Duma and members of the Federation Council (they were elected in the first convocation) of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation were elected for 2 years. In 1994, a new FKZ "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation" was adopted.

With the adoption in 1993 of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitutional reform did not end, but moved to another stage, the adoption of new FKZ and FZ began, supplementing and developing the constitutional provisions. New constitutional and legal institutions were created, such as, for example, the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation.

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Lethal dose of chocolate calculated 12.09.2020

An international group of scientists has determined how much chocolate you can eat per day without harm to the body. You should not completely exclude your favorite delicacy from the diet, since chocolate contains a lot of useful elements.

With moderate consumption of chocolate, the risk of developing coronary heart disease decreases, and the level of "good" cholesterol increases. Chocolate also blocks inflammatory processes, improves the condition of blood vessels. The positive properties of chocolate are explained by the content in the product of such useful substances as catechin, procyanidins and epicatechin.

The healthiest chocolate is the one with the lowest sugar content and the highest cocoa content. We are talking about bitter (dark) chocolate. You should also monitor the amount of product consumed. The safe daily allowance for dark chocolate is 50 grams and for milk chocolate 20 grams.

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