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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Camellia eugenolus (camellia sasanqua). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Camellia eugenolus (camellia sasanqua), Camellia sasanqua. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Camellia (Camellia) Family: Tea (Theaceae) Origin: Japan, China Area: Camellia eugenolus grows in the temperate zones of Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and North America. Chemical composition: Camellia leaves contain an oil containing esters and terpenes, as well as polyphenols (including catechins and flavonoids), theobromine, caffeine and other alkaloids. Economic value: Camellia eugenolus is popular as an ornamental plant due to its beautiful flowers and fragrant leaves. In addition, camellia is used in perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Camellia leaves and buds are used as raw material for tea production. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Japan, the camellia is considered a symbol of love, beautiful life and death. The camellia is a frequent theme in Japanese painting and poetry, and its flowers play an important role in Japanese culture. In China, the camellia is also valued for its beauty, and is considered a symbol of high social position and wealth. The symbolic meaning of the camellia is associated with its beauty and elegance. The plant symbolizes love, beauty, sensuality and elegance. Camellia can also be associated with femininity and tenderness. In general, camellia eugenolus symbolizes love, beauty, sensuality and elegance, and is also associated with femininity and tenderness.
Eugenol camellia, Camellia sasanqua. Description, illustrations of the plant Camellia. Legends, myths, history
Camellia is a wonderful flower, in shape, in beauty, as if made of wax, petals and shiny dark green leaves. According to legend, the camellia is a soulless flower - an emblem of coldness and callousness of feelings, an emblem of beautiful, but heartless women who, not loving, lure and destroy. A very interesting legend is connected with the camellia. Cupid - the son of Aphrodite, was the favorite of women. He was adored by both goddesses and earthly women, and he was so fed up with their love that he did not know where to find a truly beloved woman. Then his mother advised him to fly to other planets in search of his beloved. He flew to Saturn. An amazing landscape appeared before his eyes. Rocks of ice rose up around the frozen lake, reflecting the light with all the colors of the rainbow. Everything around was covered with snow. Suddenly he heard a beautiful singing. Flying closer, he saw beautiful maidens who had snow-white bodies, beautiful blue eyes and hair of an unusual color - like a silvery stream. The virgins sang: "Praise, Lord, for giving us a body of ice. Ice quenches all desires, calms passions and extinguishes any flame." Having finished singing, they lowered their harps and began to examine Cupid. He took out a quiver and, one after another, began to shoot his arrows at the beautiful maidens. But it was all in vain. They remained indifferent to his feelings. Then the offended Cupid returned to his mother and wept: "Mother, where did you send me? Everything here is made of ice: both flowers and the very souls of women; they are not able to love." Aphrodite exclaimed: "Calm down, my son." Enraged, Aphrodite decided that they were not worthy to be called women. As punishment, she turned all these insensitive beauties into beautiful flowers and sent them to Earth to please the human eye. Charming, but soulless creatures turned into camellias. Wonderful white, pink, bright red, they have neither smell nor tenderness. But we still admire these flowers. Camellia is a Japanese flower and is called "yabu-nubakh" in Japan, and among the Chinese "son-tsfa" - "mountain tea". When the time comes for its flowering, a festival of lanterns is held in Japanese temples. All the graves are covered with flowering branches of camellias and, starting in the evening, throughout the night they are illuminated with small lanterns. During flowering, the trees and bushes of camellias are covered with thousands of waxy, bright red, white, pink and variegated flowers, and the sight is beyond description. Particularly beautiful are those trees that, as a result of grafting, are covered with flowers of various shades. Camellia got its name from the name of the Moravian naturalist, priest G.I. Kamelius, who first brought this plant to Europe in the second half of the XNUMXth century. The lovely flowers of the Japanese camellia brought all lovers into indescribable delight, and everyone tried to get himself a cutting of this marvelous plant. The general fascination with this lovely flower was not long in being reflected in literature. The Belgian poet Norbert Cornelissen wrote a poetic tale about the camellia in 1820. Heroes of the fairy tale again Cupid and Venus. The action takes place on Olympus. Cupid gossiped about Venus, who, having lost her temper, ordered his graceful nannies to flog him to the point of bleeding with rods of roses. Upon learning of the danger that threatened him, Cupid rushed to the goddess Flora and began to beg her to save him from punishment, or to weaken him. Then Flora called Zephyr (light wind) and ordered him to fly to Japan and bring a Japanese rose from there. “You will recognize her,” she said, “her branches are covered with shiny leaves; the flowers are similar to the color of a wild rose and smell pleasant; but the plant is devoid of thorns. Zephyr brought this plant a few hours later. It was profusely covered with flowers. The Graces, admiring, adorned themselves with them. And they carved Cupid with these rods so gently that not a scratch was left on his body. Upon learning of this, Venus became angry; and the naughty was still punished with rods of roses. She transferred all her anger to the plant - deprived it of a wonderful smell. The Jesuit Kamel removed the camellia from captivity. Having brought it to Europe, but he failed to return to her the already lost smell, and the wonderful flower remained deprived of this gift of the gods. Camellias in Japan were cultural symbols of various phenomena. At first, the Tsubaki camellia was one of the symbols of the sun goddess Amaterasu, and during the ban on Christianity in Japan, it also became a symbol of Jesus Christ among underground Japanese Catholics. This camellia was also a symbol of longevity. And in the XNUMXth century, a belief arose that a samurai who touched a camellia would be cut off his head. The belief was explained by the fact that the Tsubaki flower falls to the ground as a whole, like a severed head, and does not shower from the rain from the petals, like the Sazanka. In Europe, a passion for camellias began. Camellia specimens in bloom were received by the first wife of Napoleon I, Empress Josephine, from the Dutch merchant Van Gerd in gratitude for the patronage of his trade. The famous singer Adeline Patti was also a great lover of camellias. At first she was fond of red roses. But then, having received a huge success in La Traviata, she changed the rose and remained faithful to the red camellia. Giuseppe Verdi wrote the opera La Traviata based on the plot of Alexandre Dumas' novel The Lady of the Camellias, where the famous Adeline Patti shone. In the middle of the XNUMXth century, camellias appeared in Russia, especially in St. Petersburg. At the Countess Nesselrode, their whole forest was collected in greenhouses. When the camellias were in bloom, all the high society of St. Petersburg went to the greenhouses of Nesselrode to see them. It is strange that in America of the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries, members of the racist organization "Ku Klux Klan" used the Japanese camellia as a symbol of the white race and called themselves the Knights of the White Camellia. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Camellia. Interesting plant facts
Camellia, - this wonderful in its form, in beauty, as if made of wax petals and smooth, shiny dark green thick leaves, the flower has some kind of lifeless appearance - as if artificially made plant. It both seduces and repels at the same time. Everyone considers him beautiful, but soulless - an emblem of coldness of feelings and callousness, an emblem of those beautiful, but heartless women who, not loving, lure, ruin and destroy young people and who therefore are called by his name. This name, however, does not come directly from the flower, but from the heroine of the famous novel by A. Dumas-son "The Lady of the Camellias". Who has not read this delightful work in his youth? Who was not fond of his heroine Marguerite Gauthier, did not admire her heroic selfless deed, when, loving a person with all her soul, she decides to part with him and run away only to calm his aged father, who begged her not to ruin her son's future? Her severe illness that led to the grave, her touching death away from her loved one, whom she wanted to look at at least once again, make an amazing impression on the reader - especially since the novel is based on a true story in which, by the way, our flower played not the last role. The real name of Marguerite Gauthier, as you know, is Marie Duplessis. She was an outstanding beauty, who was fond of all of Paris and who was known even to people who had nothing to do with her - by a bouquet of wonderful camellias, without which she never appeared in the days of the first performances in theaters. At the same time, camellias were not always the same color. Twenty-five days in a month they were white and 5 days red. What was the reason for this, no one knew, and it remained a secret that Marie Duplessis took with her to the grave ... Marie Duplessis did not like any other colors and never wore them. Blooming camellias constantly cleaned all her rooms, and especially the boudoir. Such a constant passion for these flowers made her florist, Mme. Bargy, call her "La dame aux camelias" (the lady with camellias) - so the whole secular Paris dubbed her. The nickname then passed to all rich beautiful women who captivate secular youth. These flowers did not leave Marie Duplessis even after her death. Her entire coffin was strewn with camellias and overlaid with luxurious wreaths of them. The charm and beauty of this decoration had such an effect on the large audience gathered at the funeral, especially on the ladies, that for a whole year after her death, it even became fashionable among wealthy Parisians to go to the Montmartre cemetery to her grave and decorate it with bouquets, wreaths and flowering bushes. camellias. And one of her friends, who was absent during the funeral, wrote a poem in her memory and laid it on her grave, surrounding it with a garland of marvelous red camellias. When this enthusiasm of the public began to cool little by little, then recovering from the terrible shock produced on him by the dying letter of poor Marie Duplessis, Armand Duval, the same young man, out of hopeless love for whom she tried to shorten her bitter life, covered her entire grave with camellias. This grave was both in summer and in winter a parterre of camellias completely dotted with white flowers, among which only a small white marble slab was visible, on which her name was inscribed. The gardener taking care of the grave was strictly ordered to watch the flowers and, as soon as any of them withered, immediately, no matter what the price, replace them with fresh ones ... Among the regular visitors to this grave was, as they say, Alexandre Dumas himself, the son, and the touching novel he wrote made such a strong impression on the famous Italian composer Verdi that he composed the famous opera La Traviata based on its plot, which is still one of the most beloved in all countries and almost never leaves the stage. About the appearance of the camellia on earth, we find in Mantegazza in his fairy tales about flowers the following original fantastic story: “Once the god of love Cupid, who was bored with the love of the goddesses of Olympus and all earthly women, turned to his mother Venus with a request to find him a creature with whom he could be carried away. Venus was surprised at first: how could he not find on earth among so many lovely mortals not a single one worthy of love, but then, thinking it over, she said: "Well, if there is no woman on earth that you could like, then try it, fly to some other world, to another planet." Amur liked this idea very much, and without thinking twice, he immediately set off on his journey. The planet he landed on was Saturn. At the moment when he sank down on her, a chorus of wonderful angelic voices was heard. These sounds rushed from a lovely transparent, blue, like a sapphire, lake surrounded on all sides by high, intricately indented ice hills, the banks of which were strewn with freshly fallen snow shining like silver. There were no bright flowers or green leaves to be seen anywhere - everything was white as snow, and even the plants that grew right there on the shore, similar to ferns and palm trees, were as if made of ice and sparkled and shone with all the colors of the rainbow, as if showered with dust of millions of the smallest diamonds. Wonderful sounds rushed from the breasts of numerous beautiful women sitting among the ice rocks. These women were unlike any he had seen on earth. Their body was white, fluffy as snow, long silvery hair fell to their shoulders, and light blue eyes shone like sapphire. Cupid was amazed. He had never seen anything like it. In addition, these original creatures did not even seem to notice the terrible cold that reigned around them. These strange creatures sang: “Praise be to Thee, O Lord, great praise for the fact that You have given us a body of ice. Ice moderates all desires, calms passions and extinguishes all fires. Great praise to the snow, the brother of ice. Hosanna to frost, to his son, Hosanna to the creator of ice, which makes the soul transparent and delays all decay. Hosanna to the enemy of death!" Having sung these stanzas, the women lowered the ice harps that served them as an accompaniment and fixed their eyes on Cupid, who was as beautiful as anyone they had ever seen before. But his wonderful beauty had no effect on them. They admired him, seemed to be amazed by him, but they were not carried away. In vain, Cupid, grabbing a quiver of his miraculous arrows, began to shoot them at these lovely women. He spent them all, but not a single one struck their hearts: everyone remained cold to him like ice. Then in despair he rushed again to his mother Venus, exclaiming: "Mother, mother, where did you send me? Everything here is made of ice: flowers, trees, and even the very souls of women; they are not only in a position to love, but even to be carried away. Such indifference deserves an exemplary punishment! .." And from his impotence, he wept and sobbed. Then, outraged by such uncharacteristic women, heartlessness, Venus exclaimed: "You are quite right, my son, calm down and do not be sad, these insensitive creatures are unworthy of being women, as a punishment, let them immediately descend to the ground and turn into flowers! .." And these lovely, but soulless creatures turned into camellias. Wonderful white, pink, bright red, they have neither smell nor tenderness. Not a single girl decorates herself with them, not a single clean young man wears them in a boutonniere ... "
Camellia is a Japanese flower and is called "yabu-tsubah" in Japan, and among the Chinese "son-tsfa" - "mountain tea". Its homeland is the islands of Kyushu, Shikoku and some provinces of Japan, where it grows as a large shrub or tree in the mountains 800 or more feet above sea level and sometimes reaches 10 to 20 feet in height. (Foot is a unit of length, equal to 0,3048 m.) Its branches covered with wonderful, evergreen, non-falling leaves are used in Japan, according to folk custom, all year round to decorate graves in cemeteries. When the time comes for its flowering, a festival of lanterns is held in Japanese temples. Then all the graves are covered with flowering branches of camellias and, starting in the evening, throughout the night, they are illuminated with small lanterns. This holiday lasts for several days, and at this time felled camellia trees are brought to the cities from the villages in bloom, like Christmas trees, and they are sold in the markets. This brings a significant income to the peasants. It is remarkable that something similar is happening in some cities of southern Germany, especially on the Rhine, where on the day of remembrance of all the dead (November 2), graves in cemeteries are also illuminated at night with lit candles and cleaned with flowers blooming at that time. It is interesting to know how this ancient Oriental custom was transferred here, the purpose of which, both here and there, is to show symbolically the love of the living for the dear dead. Trees and bushes of camellias are also planted in Japan in the groves surrounding temples, as well as in the gardens of wealthy people, and when during flowering these trees and bushes are covered with thousands of bright red, pure white, pink and variegated flowers made of wax, then the spectacle is indescribable. Particularly original are those trees that, by grafting different varieties on one tree (in which the Japanese are especially skillful), are covered with flowers of various colors and shades. Camellias cultivated in this way bloom a little later, but they bloom much longer. Camellias are a favorite flower not only in Japan, but also in China. As a result, there is a constant exchange and trade between countries with new varieties of this plant, and not only gardeners, but also villagers in general are engaged in cultivating it on a large scale - they often have entire tithes on flat areas occupied by nurseries of small camellia trees. (Tithing - 1,45 ha.) The development of camellia culture in these countries is greatly facilitated by the prevailing fashion there, as well as the fashion for the color and shape of camellia flowers: either large white, then small, then white, dotted with red stripes ... Camellia is cultivated here not only for its flowers, but also for its by-products. Oil is squeezed out of its seeds, which, mixed with laurel and geranium oils, is used to prepare the thinnest Japanese lipsticks; a decoction of its leaves, differing, like the leaves of tea camellia (C. sasanqua), with a remarkably pleasant smell, serves as an excellent elixir for washing hair, giving that wonderful shine and silkiness, which, as you know, distinguish the hair of Japanese women; the bark of the roots is used as an excellent remedy for bloody diarrhea, and the hard tree itself is used for cutting and turning those small, elegant little things in the manufacture of which the Japanese and Chinese are so skillful; finally, old trees go directly to fuel, as is practiced, for example, in the southern provinces of Japan, and especially in Nagasaki. Camellia was introduced to Europe in 1738 by a Jesuit monk, Father Joseph Kamel, who lived for a long time as a missionary in the Philippine Islands; from his name the plant got its name. The first two specimens of this plant he brought were sold to the great London plant lover Lord Petra, who hastened to transfer these precious plants to his greenhouses in Soriden Hall. But his gardener did not know the living conditions of this plant in his homeland, he placed them in an overly warm compartment, and both trees died. Disappointed by the failure, this gardener named John Gordon decided to get the plant at all costs, to try to cultivate it in other conditions. His wish came true in 1740. This time he placed the specimens he received in a cold greenhouse and got a brilliant result. Camellia not only grew well, but also bloomed. It was a tea camellia (Cam. sasanqua) - the one whose fragrant flowers are mixed into tea to enhance the aroma. According to another version, the camellia bushes brought by Kamel were presented to the wife of the king of Spain, Ferdinand V, who, like the king himself, was delighted with the flowers. She immediately handed them over to the experienced gardener of her country palace Buen Retiro and ordered that every effort be made to preserve this plant and make it bloom. The gardener really made an effort, and soon the gardens of Buen Retiro were filled with camellia bushes, which presented a marvelous picture during flowering. But the king and queen so jealously guarded this novelty that they strictly forbade it from being taken out of Buen Retiro. The same opinion was shared by their heirs, so that the lovely flower, being in the palace gardens of Spain for more than 60 years, remained completely unknown to Europe. The real decorative camellia (C. japonica) was obtained in Europe only at the end of the XNUMXth century. It was white as silver camellia. The first to receive it was the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. Delighted by this charming flower, she showed it to her husband, who also found it charming. The plant was transferred to greenhouses and soon grew there very quickly. The first individual to receive it was Van Cassel, founder of the Royal Society of Agriculture in Ghent, Belgium. But he, hiding his treasure from all lovers for a long time in his huge hot greenhouse, was unable to breed it or ennoble it. More happy was another Belgian lover - Van Westen, who brought this type of camellia to flowering. The lovely flowers of the Japanese camellia led all lovers into indescribable delight, and now everyone tried to somehow get a cutting of this marvelous plant and get it out. About what terrible money amateurs had to pay for these cuttings, there is nothing to say. A wealthy baker in Ghent, Mortier, for example, bought up all the specimens of this plant that he could acquire, and, carefully studying the best methods of grafting, obtained several remarkable hybrids, of which the pink variety, called "Maiden blush" (maiden's blood), stood out in particular. ). Since then, the city of Ghent has become a supplier of camellias to all European countries and has remained so for more than 50 years. The general fascination with this lovely flower was not long in being reflected in modern literature. The Belgian poet Norbert Cornelissen, famous at that time, wrote in 1820 about the appearance of camellia in Europe a poetic tale under the playful title "On the fate of the camellia in Europe, a poetic joke." The action takes place on Olympus, where the gods were distinguished by no less weaknesses and enthusiasm than mere mortals. Cupid gossiped about his mother Venus, who, having lost her temper, ordered the Graces, who played the role of his nannies, to flog him to the point of bleeding with rods of roses. Let him, she said, linger on the memory of inappropriate talkativeness. Upon learning of the danger that threatened him, Cupid rushed headlong to the goddess Flora and began to beg her to either completely save him from such a shameful punishment, or at least somehow weaken him. Then Flora called Zephyr (light wind) to her and ordered him to fly to Japan as soon as possible and bring a Japanese rose from there. “You will recognize her,” she said, “now. Its branches are covered with lovely shiny emerald green leaves; the flowers are similar to the color of a wild rose and smell pleasant; but the plant is devoid of thorns, and he who tears it is not in danger of pricking his hands. The gods called her "Anacanthis" (devoid of thorns), and the people - "Sasanqua" (Sasanqua). Without thinking twice, Zephyr set off and after a few hours brought the required plant. It was all richly covered with flowers. When Flora gave it to the Graces as a rod intended for Cupid, they smiled and, admiring him, adorned themselves with his flowers. But there was nothing to be done, it was necessary to begin to carry out the punishment, and they punished so gently that not the slightest scratch remained on Cupid's body. Upon learning of this, Venus was terribly angry; but what was there to do - the naughty was still punished, as she ordered, with rods of roses, but only the roses were without thorns. And so she transferred all her anger to the plant and deprived it of its wonderful smell and ordered it to grow always only in Japan. And since then, this rose remained unattainable either for the Graces or for the Muses, until the Jesuit Kamel finally pulled it out of a heavy captivity. Having brought her to Europe, however, he could not return to her the already lost smell, and the wonderful flower remained forever deprived of this wondrous gift of the gods.
In France, the camellia appeared in 1780 and was at first taken for a tea plant (previously, the well-known tea bush was attributed to the genus camellias, only later it was separated into an independent genus). Its first copies in color were sent here only in 1800. These copies were received by the first wife of Napoleon I, Empress Josephine, from the Dutch merchant and great lover of flowers, Van Gerd, in gratitude for the patronage of the Dutch trade. One plant had red flowers, the other white. The following year, the same Van Gerd sent more of these plants to the Empress in her favorite botanical garden in the castle of Malmaison, and the Empress, who was fond of rare plants like a true lover, looked after them and took care of them like children. The camellias were beautifully received by her and every year they were abundantly covered with lovely flowers. A few years later, at the gardener Courton in Paris, the camellias bloomed so magnificently that the whole city flocked to him to see them. They were huge trees, 25 feet high; the largest of them were presented to him by the Empress, who not only enjoyed the flowering of this plant herself, but also always tried to spread love for him among other lovers. Distributing, however, her camellias to lovers, the Empress Josephine nevertheless kept the best ones for herself, and when, after her death, according to her will, all her property located in Malmaison was sold for the benefit of the poor, more than 20.000 francs were received for camellias, which for that time was a very impressive amount. A great lover and admirer of camellias was also the famous singer Adeline Patti. At first she was very fond of red roses and wore them constantly on her head. But then, having received such a huge success in La Traviata, she changed the rose and remained faithful to the red camellia. She not only liked to pin it on her chest and decorate her hair with it, but she always appeared at the theater with a bouquet of camellias, and all the rooms of her luxurious premises during the flowering of camellias were often cleaned with whole flowering trees and bushes of this plant. From France, the camellia was transferred to Germany, but for a long time it was considered a great rarity there, which is best shown, for example, by the price of a bouquet of camellias presented by Prince Henry of Prussia to his wife on the day of their marriage anniversary. The camellias of this bouquet, grown in the greenhouses of the Margrave of Baden, cost two chervonets apiece. In the middle of the XNUMXth century, camellias appeared in St. Petersburg. Countess Nesselrode was especially fond of them, in whose greenhouses a whole forest of them was collected. When these camellias were in bloom, all the high society of St. Petersburg went to the greenhouses of Nesselrode to see them. In general, this flower enjoyed great love at first, and often, in order to decorate their ball gown, hairstyle or have a bouquet made from them, they spent 300-400 or more rubles on this pleasure in one evening.
But the most important place for breeding camellias in Europe is Northern Italy, where in the town of Tremesine on Lake Como you can find entire forests of this plant. Their good growth and development is especially favored by the excellent local red-brown soddy soil. The camellia trees growing here right in the air in a favorable climate reach enormous growth and, being covered in fabulous numbers with the most luxurious flowers, represent for tourists visiting this place one of the most charming pictures of nature that one can imagine. The main flowering, depending on the weather, begins in mid-March or early April and lasts until May. And then the camellia forests are so abundantly flooded with their flowers, like cherry orchards in spring. Camellias are propagated here not only by cuttings, but also by seeds that ripen in this fertile climate. Thanks to this breeding by seeds, a mass of hybrids is always obtained, and some of them are remarkably beautiful. In addition, another, original breeding of camellias is carried out here; using leaves that are stuck directly into the ground. Usually in other countries this kind of propagation takes quite a long time, but in Tremesin, thanks to the excellent climate and the special dexterity of Italian gardeners, it moves very quickly. In addition to obtaining new varieties of camellias by sowing random seeds, they can also be obtained, of course, as with all plants, with the help of special cross-pollination - this is especially easy to produce with camellias, since their pollen tends to stay fresh for an unusually long time. Hagen in Ghent, who made a series of experiments on this, wore it in a piece of paper for 65 days and obtained very good results when pollinated; experiments have shown that it can retain its strength even for two years. The main color of camellias, as you know, is white and bright red, but gardeners, having received all the shades possible between these two colors, were not satisfied with them and wanted to achieve more yellow and blue at all costs. They partially succeeded in this: the yellow camellia was brought from China in 1860 by the English explorer Fortune. At first, this camellia did not bloom for a long time, but when it bloomed, it turned out to be a terry variety of Cam. sasanqua - and therefore, in terms of the size of the flower, it was far inferior to the Japanese one. As for the blue camellia, despite all attempts, it remained in the realm of fantasy. Thanks to these varieties of camellia, many of her fans appeared among gardening lovers - at one time they became almost as fond of her as in the old days - tulips. Merchants, of course, did not fail to take advantage of this opportunity to profit, and began to trade both imaginary new varieties and offshoots from them. The famous French writer and at the same time a passionate lover of floriculture, Alphonse Carr, left a description of one process that took place in Paris regarding two such new varieties of camellias sent from America by one florist, for which the buyer, according to only their image sent, undertook to pay 11.000 francs . However, when specimens of these varieties arrived and bloomed, it turned out that the drawings were far from true, and then the gardener who wrote them out refused to pay this huge amount. A lawsuit began, but the court sided with the American, and the gardener had to satisfy the claim. Meanwhile, the magazines wrote so much about it and the public became so interested in these flowers that when these plants were exhibited in full bloom in the winter garden in the Champs Elysees, all Paris rushed there to see them. Then the quick-witted gardener doubled the entrance fee and sold these flowers at a high price and got over 4.000 francs for them, so that all taken together covered almost the entire amount he paid in court. Another example of the fascination of lovers of camellias is the story that happened in the middle of the last century with one variety of camellias, acquired by Verschafelt in Ghent for 1.000 francs and called "Queen Victoria". (Werschaffelt Ambrose Coletto Alexander (1825-1886), Belgian gardener from Ghent, author of a book on camellias.) This wonderful variety had huge, two and a half inches in diameter, flowers ... (Vershok is an old Russian measure of length; equal to 4,45 cm.) The public and gardeners from everywhere came to look at the wonderful variety. And so, in order to cover his expenses and at the same time please amateurs, Verschafelt invented a kind of win-win lottery. He issued 10 shares, for 250 francs each, and for each share there were 10 varieties of camellias, one of which was necessarily layering from the Queen Victoria variety. These 10 shares were immediately sold out. Then he issued another 100 of these shares, and they were just as quickly sorted out. Of these, 33 were purchased by the city of Ghent itself, 60 by Belgian gardeners, and the rest were distributed all over the world. So in a short time this camellia brought the owner 15.000 francs, and in his possession there was also the most uterine copy. Many of the camellias bred in Europe have taken root so well here that they have been growing for decades right in the gardens, annually covered with a mass of flowers. Among them is the famous camellia, growing in the garden of the country palace of the King of Saxony near Dresden. This camellia was brought from Japan back in 1739, and for about 175 years, covered only slightly for the winter, it grows here and is strewn with a mass of lovely flowers every year. Its trunk has more than 2 arshins in girth. Author: Zolotnitsky N.
Camellia. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Twenty-five days in the month camellia is white and five days red. She came to Europe in 1738 from the Philippine Islands, she was brought by Joseph Kamel, in honor of his tree and became known as camellia. The petals of its white, bright red and rarely yellow flowers seem to be made of wax and have a lifeless appearance. This flower both attracts and repels. He is considered beautiful, but soulless, which is why he became the emblem of beautiful heartless women who lure without loving ... The myths about the camellia tell: Cupid at one time was so successful in his affairs that not a single person was left on earth who was not hit by his arrows. Then Cupid went to Saturn and saw beautiful ice women there. The god emptied the whole quiver into them, but not a single woman even raised an eyebrow ... The offended Cupid descended to the ground, and - oh, a miracle: all the icy women descended after him and turned into camellia flowers. White, pink, bright red, but odorless, they are devoid of tenderness. Not a single girl and not a single young man will adorn themselves with them. In Japan, China and Germany, they are carried to churches and to the graves of the dead on the day of remembrance. Camellia bears the same name with the tea tree - tea (Chinese camellia). Her leaves are the same, but the flowers are white, somewhat smaller in size and are located one or two in the axils of the leaves. If you ask a Chinese about the appearance of the camellia tea tree, he will tell an old legend: “A long time ago, an old Buddhist monk Daruma, or ta-mo, lived on the yellow earth. indulge in fasting and prayer without closing his eyes, but one day, unable to stand it, he slept through the night. However, in place of the abandoned eyelids, a tea bush has grown, the leaves of which make a wonderful drink that drives away sleep. The Chinese poet of the eighth century Ly-By wrote about these leaves: "They should have folds, like leather boots on the feet of a Tatar rider, bend like the lip of a buffalo, unfold like fog that has arisen in a valley, and shine like a lake, a little touched by evening ether". It was almost three thousand years BC. Shepherds grazing sheep noticed a strange feature: before climbing mountain steeps, animals approach evergreen trees and eat their leaves. And then they rise up so easily and freely that the shepherds simply cannot keep up with them. The shepherds thought and thought and decided to test the effect of the leaves on themselves. Collected them, dried and made a decoction. It turned out to be an unknown fragrant, invigorating drink. Wild tea grows in Indo-China, Burma, Siam, Assam, Tonkin and Hainan Island. According to Professor A. N. Krasnov, initially China was considered the birthplace of tea. But the presence of wild tea bushes in the forests of Assam made us consider the mountains separating the plains of India and China to be the birthplace of tea. However, later it was proved that the jungle with thickets of wild tea is not a primeval forest, and this circumstance again forced China and Japan to be considered the birthplace of tea. Be that as it may, the tea tree was mentioned for the first time two thousand seven hundred years before our era. In Russia, the first tea appeared in the 1638th century, but its appearance in the then Muscovite state happened quite by accident. In XNUMX, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov sent a Russian embassy under the command of Starkov to the Altai khans in Mongolia. The khans treated the members of the embassy to tea, but no one liked this drink. When the khans presented the embassy with bags of tea before leaving, Starkov thought of throwing them away on the way, but out of a sense of delicacy he did not do this and delivered the tea to Moscow, where the drink began to take root. The first tea bush in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden of Crimea was planted in 1818, but only as a result of the efforts of the botanist A. N. Krylov in 1915 did the first tea plantations appear. Author: Krasikov S.
Eugenol camellia, Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use.
The tea family is Theaceae. Evergreen shrub or small tree 250-300 cm high with outstretched branches. Young shoots are pubescent, brown-green or brown. The leaves are alternate, short-petiolate, leathery, shiny, dark green, serrate, pubescent along the central vein. The flowers are large, sessile, located at the ends of the shoots or axillary. The calyx is falling, of five pale green short-pubescent sepals, the corolla is five-, less often six-petaled, the petals are round-oblong, entire or weakly margined, white. Stamens numerous. Pistil one, with upper densely pubescent ovary. The fruit is a woody reddish-brown capsule, usually opening with three flaps; in a box from one to five, occasionally six - eight developed seeds. Seeds of various shapes, acute-angled, dark brown or almost black. Blossoms in September - December, the fruits ripen in October - November of the following year. It grows on the slopes of mountains, on the banks of water bodies, in the undergrowth of evergreen hard-leaved pure or mixed forests, among shrubs. It is found in the tropics and subtropics of East and Southeast Asia. In many countries, it is cultivated to obtain technical and edible oil from seeds and as an ornamental. The leaves accumulate up to 1% of the essential oil, the main component of which is eugenol (up to 95%). Essential oil of camellia is not inferior in quality to clove, extracted from flower buds, pedicels, unripe fruits and leaves of the clove tree. Camellia fruits contain a significant amount of fatty oil (up to 60%). In the food industry, eugenol is used in the manufacture of canned food and as an aromatic spice, being a raw material for the production of vanillin. Fatty camellia oil is used in soap making. Eugenol, obtained from camellia essential oil, is used in the food and chemical-pharmaceutical industries, as well as in microscopic technology. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Camellia eugenolus (camellia sasanqua), Camellia sasanqua. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Camellia eugenolus (camellia sasanqua), Camellia sasanqua. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Camellia eugenolus, also known as camellia sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua), is a shrub or tree known for its beautiful flowers that usually appear in autumn and winter. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing camellia eugenolus: Cultivation:
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Camellia sasanqua is a beautiful and useful shrub that can be grown in the garden or in pots. Camellia flowers can be used to make teas or essential oils, which have many health benefits.
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