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14. Russia during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna and Peter III
On the night of November 25, 1741, with the support of the guards officers, Elizabeth made a palace coup and was proclaimed empress. The young Emperor John was exiled to the North of Russia.
During the reign of Elizabeth, one of the most important economic reforms was carried out - the abolition of internal customs (by decree December 20, 1753).
The main event of foreign policy under Elizabeth was the participation of Russia in the war (which began in 1756) against Frederick II of Prussia. In 1757, Russian troops entered Prussia to help Austria, oppressed by Frederick.
In 1759, the Russian army, together with the Austrian troops, practically destroyed the Prussian army.
Empress Elizabeth had no children, so in 1742 she appointed her nephew Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Karl Peter Ulrich as heir to the throne, after which the latter, having converted to Orthodoxy, became known as Peter Fedorovich. The Empress decided to marry him to the princess of Anhalt-Zerbst. In 1744, the wedding took place, and the princess received the name Catherine.
At the end of 1761, Elizabeth died, and Peter III. His reign was short. Under him, a manifesto was issued on the release of the nobility from compulsory military service. He caused general dissatisfaction with his admiration for the recent enemy of Russia, Frederick of Prussia, the introduction of Prussian drill into the guards.
In favor of Catherine, a group of guards officers plotted against Peter III, and on the night of June 28, 1762 Catherine, accompanied by officers, appeared in the barracks of the Izmailovsky regiment, then from there moved to the barracks of the Semenovsky regiment, then to the Kazan Cathedral, where she was proclaimed empress. After that, the procession moved to the Winter Palace, where a manifesto was drawn up on Elizabeth's accession to the throne. Peter III finally lost heart, returned to Oranienbaum and signed the act of abdication (June 29, 1762). A week later, Peter III was killed by his wife's close associates.
Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.
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