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Zeptoseconds measured

17.10.2020

The record for measuring the speed of physical processes was set by German scientists from Frankfurt University (Germany). They measured the process as 247 zeptoseconds long. A zeptosecond is a trillionth of a billionth of a second.

This surpasses the achievements of the Egyptian chemist Ahmed Zeway, who received the Nobel Prize in 1999 for measuring the rate at which molecules change their shape. The formation and disintegration of chemical bonds occurs in the femtosecond region. A femtosecond is equal to 0,000000000000001 seconds.

Scientists from the University of Frankfurt have studied for the first time a process that is shorter than a femtosecond. They measured how long it takes for a photon to cross a hydrogen molecule (H2) containing two nuclei and two electrons. It turned out that this is approximately 247 zeptoseconds. This is the shortest amount of time that has been successfully measured today.

To carry out measurements, scientists irradiated a hydrogen molecule with X-rays. As a result of this irradiation, the photon knocked out both electrons of this molecule in turn. Scientists note that the movement of a photon during this process can be compared to the jumping of a flat stone on the surface of a reservoir.

Thanks to the registration of the consequences of this process with a specially designed reaction microscope COLTRIMS, it was possible to obtain data on the speed of crossing the molecule by a photon.

Since we knew the spatial orientation of the hydrogen molecule, we used the interference of two electron waves to accurately calculate when the photon reached the first and when the second hydrogen atom, the scientists say. - And that's up to 247 zeptoseconds, depending on how far apart the two atoms were in the molecule.

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