Russian history. Development of Russia after the Time of Troubles. Peasant war led by Stepan Razin (most important)

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Russian history. Development of Russia after the Time of Troubles. Peasant war led by Stepan Razin (most important)

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9. Development of Russia after the Time of Troubles. Peasant war led by Stepan Razin

After the Time of Troubles and the economic crisis, Russia had to restore the destroyed economy. Agriculture remained subsistence. Only a small part of the production was sold on the market. There were several forms of exploitation of the peasantry: corvée, natural and cash dues.

Handicrafts developed actively. Wage labor began to be used in large craft workshops. The all-Russian market was formed.

One after another, uprisings broke out:

1) 1648-1650 - uprisings swept over 20 cities of Russia;

2) 1650 BC - a riot in Pskov and Novgorod, in which archers also took part;

3) 1666 BC - copper riot in Moscow. It began due to the fact that the government began to mint worthless copper money instead of silver.

Causes of the peasant war:

1) strengthening of autocracy;

2) the growth of the state apparatus;

3) increase in the tax burden;

4) enslavement of peasants, etc.

The flight of the peasants, their attack on the feudal lords, numerous urban uprisings were the prerequisites for the peasant war.

В 1666 BC A campaign of Cossacks led by ataman Vasily Us from the Don through Voronezh to Tula took place. This campaign stirred up the masses. AT 1667 Stepan Razin made trips to the Volga and Lik, and in 1668-1669 - across the Caspian Sea to Persia. In the summer of 1669, moving along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, Razin returned through Astrakhan to the Don to the Kagalnitsky town.

В 1669-1670 Stenka Razin's uprising grew into a peasant war. It was headed by Stepan Razin, Vasily Us and Fedor Sheludyak.

Lettom 1670 BC the rebels occupied the entire lower and middle reaches of the Volga from Astrakhan to Simbirsk. It was not possible to take Simbirsk: in the battle, Razin's detachments were defeated, and he himself was wounded and captured (executed summer 1671). The rebels were finally defeated only by November 1671when Astrakhan was taken. The reasons for the defeat of Razin consisted in the spontaneity of his movement, fragmentation in the troops, disorganization and the complete absence of a program of action.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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