Russian history. Political struggle in Russia in 1917-1920 (the most important)

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Russian history. Political struggle in Russia in 1917-1920 (the most important)

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35. Political struggle in Russia in 1917-1920

In the 1920s the mono-party system was finally established in the USSR.

The leading center of the country, the Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), included as main members in 1921:

1) V. I. Lenin;

2) G. E. Zinoviev;

3) A. B. Kameneva;

4) I. V. Stalin;

5) L. D. Trotsky, I. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin and V. M. Molotov as candidates.

The RCP(b) during the years of the Civil War turned into a closed organization with a rigid linear management structure. The main and most responsible posts both in the party and in the state apparatus were occupied by representatives of the so-called old Bolshevik guard. It included about 10 thousand people who joined the party before the revolution. AT 1921 BC purges of the ranks began, and in 1924 a split in the "old guard" began. Already in 1924, the General Secretary of the Central Committee became the dominant figure (since 1922) I. V. Stalin, who pursued a tough hardware policy. The first episode of the internal party struggle for power was L. D. Trotsky’s rejection of the economic and political course of G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev and I. V. Stalin. AT January 1924 Trotsky's group was accused of a petty-bourgeois deviation and attempts at a split.

The "new opposition" consisting of G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, G. Ya. Sokolnikov and N. K. Krupskaya spoke at the XIV Party Congress against the course of I. V. Stalin and N. I. Bukharin. AT 1926-1927 the "united opposition" of L. D. Trotsky, L. B. Kamenev and G. E. Zinoviev is formed. AT early 1928 the main opponent of I.V. Stalin, L.D. Trotsky was exiled to Alma-Ata, and in 1929 BC - abroad. Thus, pursuing a policy of removing oppositionists and the "old guard" from power, I.V. Stalin by the end of the 1920s. got rid of all the most dangerous rivals in the struggle for power, laying the foundations of personal dictatorship.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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