Promotion of labor protection. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Promotion of labor protection. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

An integral part of the prevention of injuries, occupational diseases and poisoning is promotion of labor protection.

Goals and objectives of promotion of labor protection:

encouragement and constant maintenance of interest in labor protection;
persuading employees, students and pupils of the need for labor protection measures;
education of a conscious attitude to labor protection;
promotion of new means of ensuring labor safety;
introduction of modern safety equipment into the educational process;
creation of healthy and safe working conditions at each workplace.

A variety of forms, methods and means are used to promote labor protection.

Forms of promotion of labor protection are conferences, meetings, seminars, schools of excellence, radio and television programs, tours, exhibitions, film days, etc.

Occupational safety promotion methods (techniques for transmitting information) include a story, a demonstration, a demonstration of natural samples, advanced methods of work, lectures, conversations, consultations, etc.

By means of promotion of labor protection serve cinema, television, posters, photographs, shop windows, rules, instructions, wall newspapers, "lightning" about accidents, accidents, new decisions, decrees, norms, books, building codes and rules (SNiP), GOST, cabinets and corners labor protection.

Properly organized promotion of labor protection should constantly remind employees, students and pupils of potentially dangerous and harmful production factors at work and other places, of how to behave in order to prevent an accident.

Posters play an important role in the propaganda system for the prevention and prevention of industrial injuries and occupational diseases. The poster has the ability to influence the widest possible audience. The conciseness of the drawing, photographs, invocative text provide high efficiency in the perception of the material. The advantages of posters also include flexibility and variety of topics, ease of production and low cost.

Occupational safety posters are classified as follows:

by appointment:

training - contain information on labor protection of an educational nature. They are used in the training of workers, pupils and students in labor protection issues. Their goal is to present educational material in a visual form to facilitate its assimilation;
instructive - prescribe separate safety rules and regulations or prohibit hazardous work practices. Their goal is to form employees' readiness to comply with certain rules and norms of labor protection;
agitation and propaganda - call for safe behavior, promote best practices in the field of labor protection. Their task is to form among employees a general attitude towards safe behavior and a positive attitude towards labor protection issues;
informational - contain various information on labor protection issues (on the implementation of labor protection measures, on the work of the labor protection service, on the publication of new books on labor protection, etc.);

by breadth of use:

general (cross-industry application) - can be used in several branches of the national economy;
specific (industry application) - are used only in any one branch of the national economy;

for art design:

font - contain mostly text (with or without an image);
pictorial - carry mostly an image (with or without text). Among them are drawn, photographic, photomontage;

according to the pictorial solution:

realistic - posters with specific, life-like content;
pictographic - a person and other objects are depicted on such posters with the help of pictograms;
symbolic - the main place in them is occupied by images-symbols;
caricature - the image of a person in a caricature prevails;

by tone:

neutral - report something, state facts;
dramatic - the emphasis in such posters is on the image of a dangerous situation, the moment of an accident or its consequences;
satirical, humorous - in the image of individual objects or situations as a whole there is satire, humor.

The classification of posters according to the nature of the impact is also used: inspiring, persuading, teaching; according to the method of transmitting information: rational (explanation of the required behavior, communication about norms and rules), emotional; at the place of exposition: outdoor and indoor; by duration of exposure: short-term or long-term use. The latter are made of durable materials (tin, enamel, cardboard).

In addition, posters are distinguished by the method of printing (high, flat, offset, phototype, gravure, screen, xerox, rotaprint) and by additional elements of printing design (varnished, with pressed film, pasted on cardboard or fabric, edged, embossed, etc.). d.).

There are different criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a poster on labor protection, for example, the frequency of application of the recommendations of the poster, the degree of trust in it, the percentage of memorization of its content.

According to the content the poster must be up-to-date, the information contained in it must be new. This requires an original artistic solution and an emotional presentation of the topic. At the same time, the situation depicted should be familiar, typical. And, of course, the poster should look nice and attractive.

The poster must clearly define idea. There are three types of ideas.

The first type is based on circumstances that cause a positive attitude towards oneself.

The second type is based on showing a negative fact and its consequences. The purpose of the impact is to induce a negative attitude towards the depicted through awareness of the dangerous consequences of non-compliance with certain rules.

The third type is based on the opposition of negative and positive actions. The main idea is thus expressed in showing at least two actions and is characterized by tension and dynamism.

Poster composition should provide such a combination of figurative, color and font elements, which would immediately reveal the center of the semantic load. An abstract manner, if only because of its ambiguity, is undesirable in a poster.

Picture in the poster, of course, plays a leading role. It bears the main burden of influencing a person, creating the desired image in his mind. A wide variety of techniques are used - realistic drawing, photograph, symbol, pictogram, collage, etc.

The main requirement presented to the poster is an original, figurative interpretation of the theme, new artistic solutions. In the poster, it is preferable to use symmetrical, finished shapes - a circle, a square, a rectangle; they are digested better than others. Worst of all are perceived fantastic forms. The same applies to lines. Straight lines are associated in our minds with calmness and clarity. Images of people and animals draw much more attention to the poster than the appearance of inanimate objects. In the image of a person, the main thing that stops the eye is the face.

Poster text should be short, energetic, intelligible, like any wall inscription. Calls consisting of three to six words are best perceived and remembered, but not in an edifying tone.

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P., Savelyeva N.V.

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