Russian history. Political development of the USSR in the mid-1960s

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50. Political development of the USSR in the mid-1960s - early 1980s

Since 1965 by 1985 On the whole, the formation of the Soviet bureaucratic system was completed, and there was a gradual increase in the size of the apparatus. The process of centralization of the party organization intensified.

Accepted October 7, 1977 the new Constitution (4th) established in the 6th article the monopoly position of the CPSU in the political system of the country. The constitution as a whole had a democratic character. However, the rights and freedoms fixed in it could not actually be realized in the USSR.

The internal political course was based on the thesis of "building a developed socialist society in the USSR" and the need to improve developed socialism (neo-Stalinism).

The foreign policy of the USSR in 1965-1985 was based on the position of a radical change in the balance of power in the world in favor of the countries of the socialist bloc. Since the 1970s in relations between the US and the USSR, characterized as a "detente" of tension.

В 1972 BC The FRG and the GDR officially recognized each other, and at the same time the first visit of US President R. Nixon to the USSR took place. AT 1973 BC during the visit of L. I. Brezhnev to the United States, an agreement was signed on the prevention of nuclear war. AT 1975 BC The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe was held in Helsinki with the participation of the heads of 33 states of Europe, the USA and Canada.

After suppression in August 1968 attempts at a democratic coup in Czechoslovakia (Prague Spring), the split in the socialist camp intensified. This was the reason for the new policy of the USSR towards the "allies", aimed at strengthening military and economic integration in Eastern Europe, which in fact meant limiting the sovereignty of the countries of "people's democracy".

Pro-Soviet regimes are being established in a number of Third World states. At the end of 1979, a "limited contingent of Soviet troops" was brought into Afghanistan to strengthen Soviet influence.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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