История России. Политический строй в России после окончания Гражданской войны (самое важное)

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История России. Политический строй в России после окончания Гражданской войны (самое важное)

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33. Political system in Russia after the end of the Civil War

The Soviet government was in a difficult position. In this situation, the Bolsheviks decide on the transition to universal military duty. The Revolutionary Military Council, headed by L. D. Trotsky. A Workers' and Peasants' Defense Council is also being created. It was headed V.I. Lenin. The task of this body was to mobilize all forces to achieve victory. The Order of the Red Banner of War was established.

By the end of 1919, with the strengthening of the interventionist and anti-Bolshevik forces, the Bolsheviks established the policy of war communism.

By the end of 1920, all industry was nationalized, which was subordinate to the Supreme Council of National Economy (Supreme Council of the National Economy). This was to help establish military production, destroy private property and build a classless socialist society.

But the most difficult issue was food. There was famine, war and mass deaths from typhus and cholera in the country. At first, a food dictatorship was introduced, which prohibited the trade in bread. Speculation in bread was punishable by death.

There was a nationalization of industry.

January 11, 1919 issued a decree on surplus appropriation, as a temporary measure in a war.

This was the beginning of the policy of war communism. Card system has been introduced in the cities. All trade was excluded.

The years of war communism became the dictatorship of the Bolshevik Party. It was also characterized by the curtailment of publishing activities, tightening of censorship, and the terror of the political police intensified. The royal family was shot in Yekaterinburg, 500 hostages and suspicious persons were shot in Petrograd. Any protests against the Bolshevik government were terminated by shooting. Gulags appeared - a loss for isolating class enemies.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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