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Window to the brain

16.07.2016

In May of this year, scientists at the University of California at San Diego reported a successful experiment implanting a viewing window into the head of a Drosophila fly. To do this, a hole the size of several grains of salt was cut out in the exoskeleton covering the head of the fly, filled with transparent silicone glue, and a cover slip was placed on top - a strip of thin transparent material used in microscopy. This was done in order to observe the work of the brain using a complex system of cameras and mirrors.

However, Drosophila was only the first step. Scientists from different countries have been working for three years to "cut through" a window into the brain, and the studies have confirmed the viability, if not of the patient, then, in any case, of the method. For such a procedure, in 2013, a transparent implant was developed from yttrium-stabilized zirconium, a material used for dental crowns and hip prosthetics, that is, suitable for humans.

The first study by scientists at the University of California showed that such a window in the skull would allow the use of a laser for brain surgery associated with tumors and brain injuries. In addition, the laser can also be used to fight bacteria at the implant site. During the study, the scientists were able to kill the E. coli bacteria on the "window" in this way, and, in their opinion, this procedure will work on a living brain without causing damage to the tissue under the window.

The second study, conducted by Mexican scientists, was devoted to the implantation of a "window" in the head of a hamster. Zirconium stabilized with yttrium has been found to cause no more tissue damage than existing implant materials and does not cause unusual inflammation or other immune system responses. Moreover, the material has shown greater biocompatibility than currently used titanium and thermoplastic polymers. Further research will be devoted to increasing the strength of the material without harming living tissues.

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