История России. Восстание Емельяна Пугачева (самое важное)

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История России. Восстание Емельяна Пугачева (самое важное)

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17. Emelyan Pugachev's uprising

В 1760. the government introduced a state monopoly on fishing and salt mining on Yaik. This caused discontent among the Cossacks. AT late 1771 a commission arrived on Yaik under the leadership of a major general M. M. von Traubenberg.

The following year, the Cossacks rose under the banner Peter III Fedorovich. The most famous impostor was the Don Cossack Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev.

В September 1773 Pugachev headed up the Yaik to Orenburg - the center of the border line of fortresses, an important strategic point in the southeast of the country. Pugachev took the Tatishchev fortress by storm. In early October, his army approached Orenburg, assaults and battles began under the walls of the city. The camp of the rebels was located near Orenburg in the Berdskaya Sloboda. Here Pugachev and his accomplices created the Military Board - the highest authority and management of military and civil affairs.

The uprising swept: the Southern and Middle Urals, Western Siberia, Bashkiria, the Volga region, the Don.

The authorities gathered regiments and sent them to Orenburg. In the Tatishcheva fortress, a general battle took place between the forces of Pugachev and the army of General M. M. Golitsina. After the defeat, Pugachev withdrew the remaining forces from Orenburg. But near the Samara town, M. M. Golitsin again defeated the rebels. Pugachev withdrew to Bashkiria, then to the South Urals. The rebel detachments of Salavat Yulaev operated here. Pugachev's detachment captured several factories, then occupied the Trinity Fortress. But here he was defeated by I.P. de Colong.

Pugachev went to Zlatoust. AT May 1774 he several times entered into battle with the army of I. I. Michelson but was defeated. Yulaev and Pugachev, joining their forces, moved west to the Volga.

Pugachev crossed the Volga with 2 men and moved west. In the Right Bank, Pugachev's detachment was replenished with several thousand people and began to move south along the right bank of the Volga. Pugachev occupied Penza, Saratov, began the siege of Tsaritsyn, but the approaching corps of Michelson threw the rebels to the southeast. At the end of August 1774, the last battle took place near Cherny Yar, in which Pugachev suffered a final defeat.

He, with a small group of people, went to the left bank of the Volga, where he was betrayed by the Cossacks. AT September 1774 Pugachev was brought to the Budarinsky outpost.

January 10, 1775 Pugachev and his associates were executed on Bolotnaya Square.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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