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26. Russia during the reign of Alexander III the Peacemaker. "Counter-reforms" of the 1890s
Recovering from the murder of his father, Alexander III began to pursue his tough policy.
From 1886 to 1894, counter-reform projects were being developed. Fearing overthrow, he began to pursue a policy of centralization of power, the abolition of democratic reforms, an increase in the gendarmerie, and even created an organization to combat revolutionaries and terror. Strict censorship introduced.
During the reign of Alexander III, not a single war was fought, for which he received the nickname Peacemaker. AT June 1881 the signing of the new Austro-Russian-German "Union of the Three Emperors" took place. The Triple Alliance was formed.
August 27, 1891 A Russian-French secret agreement was signed, which provided for joint action in the event of an attack on one of the parties.
The last Russian emperor Nicholas II saw his task in preserving the autocracy unchanged.
The tsarist autocracy pursued a frank Russification policy towards Poland, Finland and the Caucasus. Under these conditions, a revolutionary explosion was inevitable.
To the beginning XX century. Russia was an agrarian-industrial country. It was one of the five most developed industrial countries in the world.
To the beginning XX century. Mechanical engineering and metallurgy became established.
В 1893 BC there was a strong industrial boom.
S. Yu. Witte, M. I. Bunge and others were convinced that Russia needed a consistent economic program. In accordance with it, the following activities were carried out:
1) a strict tax policy was pursued;
2) the government pursued a policy of protectionism;
3) in 1897 BC the currency reform was carried out.
В 1900 BC the global economic crisis began, which dealt a serious blow to the Russian economy. He hit mechanical engineering and metallurgy with the greatest force. All types of monopolies existed in Russia:
1) cartels;
2) syndicates;
3) trusts;
4) concerns.
Agriculture provided half of the national income. The main features of the development of agriculture were:
1) the growth of commercial entrepreneurial agriculture;
2) specialization of individual economic regions of the country.
Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.
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