Russian history. Socio-political development of the USSR in the 1950s

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Russian history. Socio-political development of the USSR in the 1950s - mid-1960s (the most important)

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46. Socio-political development of the USSR in the 1950s - mid-1960s

After the death of I. V. Stalin (March 5, 1953) The most influential figures in the leadership of the USSR were:

1) G. M. Malenkov;

2) N. S. Khrushchev;

3) L. P. Beria.

As a result of the political struggle (March-June 1953) - managed to eliminate L.P. Beria for "criminal encroachment" on the party leadership of society, G.M. Malenkov was removed from the post of head of government in February 1955, "united opposition". N. S. Khrushchev managed to concentrate the party and executive powers in his hands.

After the death of I. V. Stalin, a campaign began to criticize the cult of personality, accompanied by the release and partial rehabilitation of Soviet prisoners. For the period from 1956 to 1961. 700 thousand people were rehabilitated. Speech by N. S. Khrushchev at a closed meeting of the XX Congress of the CPSU (February 1956) "On the cult of personality and its consequences", as well as the adoption of a special resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU from June 30, 1956 laid the foundation for criticism of the Stalinist regime. The task of "restoring Lenin's norms" in the activities of the state and the CPSU was put forward.

A number of reforms were carried out in the economic sphere. Since the mid 1950s. economic transformations began (the campaign for the development of virgin lands). AT 1957 BC sectoral ministries were abolished and territorial councils of national economies were introduced. The economic policy mainly consisted in carrying out administrative reorganizations. Collective farms are being transformed into state farms.

In the industrial sector, the backlog from the leading Western countries was growing in the era of the scientific and technological revolution. The growth of industrial and agricultural production gradually declined with each five-year period. Collective farmers received passports for the first time, mass housing construction was going on.

The reforms of N. S. Khrushchev did not affect the foundations of the command-administrative system. As a result, progressive undertakings turned into dissatisfaction with the population and the party and state apparatus.

In 1964 N. S. Khrushchev was relieved of his duties.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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