История России. Февральская революция в России (самое важное)

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История России. Февральская революция в России (самое важное)

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31. February Revolution in Russia

Internal instability, dissatisfaction with the government in the context of the ongoing war, economic crisis and devastation led at the beginning 1917 BC to a revolutionary explosion in Petrograd. Commander of the Petrograd Military District General S. S. Khabalov could not put things in order, and in the evening February 26 there was a fundamental change in the balance of power. The soldiers of the battalion of the Life Guards of the Pavlovsky Regiment went over to the side of the revolutionary workers. And by March XNUMX, Moscow was already in the hands of the rebels.

On March 2, Nicholas II signed an act of abdication in favor of the younger brother of the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, who abdicated the throne the very next day, declaring the need to convene a Constituent Assembly.

In the morning February 27 The State Duma created a Provisional Committee headed by Chairman M. V. Rodzianko. At the same time, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' Deputies was created. Both organizations created after the abdication of the emperor and the fall of the autocratic monarchy became real political forces in the country. Of the 12 members of the Provisional Government, 5 represented the Cadets, 2 - the Octobrists, 1 each - Progressives, Centrists and Trudoviks, 2 - were non-party. The Declaration of the Provisional Government, published on March 3, contained a program of broad democratic reforms. The country has developed a system of dual power. The power of the provisional government was formal.

Autumn 1917 the country was sharply marked by a political and socio-economic crisis. The provisional government lost support. Few people supported V. I. Lenin, since the opinion of G. E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev about the peaceful development of the revolution prevailed in the party. But as soon as V. I. Lenin arrived in Petrograd, the Bolsheviks decided to support his course. On October 10, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the party, a plan for an armed uprising was adopted. Leading bodies for the preparation of the uprising were created:

1) Politburo (V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin);

2) Military Revolutionary Committee (VRK) (Ya. M. Sverdlov, M. S. Uritsky, I. V. Stalin, and others).

By the morning 25 October the Bolsheviks occupied railway stations, telegraph, bridges, power station, State Bank. At 10 am on October 25, Lenin wrote an appeal by the Military Revolutionary Committee "To the Citizens of Russia", which announced the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power into the hands of the Military Revolutionary Committee.

On October 25, the Bolsheviks began to storm the Winter Palace, which housed the Provisional Government. Winter was taken. The government is under arrest. Meanwhile, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets opens. The congress proclaimed the victory of the revolutionaries and announced the transfer of power to the soviets.

At the second meeting, decrees on peace and land were adopted and the first Soviet government, the Council of People's Commissars, was formed. Lenin became the chairman.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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