Russian history. Development of national culture in 1917

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37. Development of national culture in 1917 - mid-1920s

В December 1919 Decree "On the elimination of illiteracy among the population of the RSFSR" was issued.

The following educational institutions were formed: primary 4-year school, 9-year city school, ShKM, FZU.

В 1922 BC on the initiative of V. I. Lenin, 160 prominent scientists and philosophers were expelled from the country (N. A. Berdyaev, S. L. Frank, P. A. Sorokin, etc.)

Many Russian writers and poets ended up abroad, realizing that freedom of creativity and ideological dictate are incompatible (I. A. Bunin, A. I. Kuprin, K. D. Balmont, Z. N. Gippius, D. S. Merezhkovsky and others .)

The literary group "Serapion Brothers" (K. A. Fedin, V. V. Ivanov, M. M. Zoshchenko, V. A. Kaverin, and others) who remained in the country advocated the search for a new artistic form.

Works of symbolist and formalist trends (A. A. Bely, E. I. Zamyatin, A. M. Remizov) are widely used. Social prose also appeared, reflecting the contradictions of the early 1920s. (A. I. Tarasov-Rodionov, M. Yu. Lebedinsky).

В 1929 BC created the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. V. I. Lenin (VASKhNIL), whose president was V. I. Vavilov. The study of the atomic nucleus is being conducted L. D. Mysovsky, D. D. Ivanenko, D. V. Skobeltsin, B. V. Kurchatov и I. V. Kurchatov and more

The development of chemistry. Yes, in 1928 BC S. V. Lebedev discovered a method for producing synthetic rubber from ethyl alcohol. In 1928, the Committee for Chemicalization of the National Economy was formed under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

Through research K. E. Tsiolkovsky in the USSR, the development of theoretical problems of space exploration begins. In 1930, the world's first jet engine was created (designer F.A. Zander). In the 1930s physiologist continue to work I. P. Pavlov, breeder I. V. Michurin. Genetics is developing, the Institute of Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing (VIR) are being created.

In the 1930s world-class composers worked in the USSR - S. S. Prokofiev, D. D. Shostakovich, A. I. Khachaturian, T. N. Khrennikov, D. B. Kabalevsky, I. O. Dunaevsky, R. M. Glier.

Cinema became an important form of art for the state ideology during these years (in the late 1920s and 1930s, such outstanding directors as G. Vasiliev, S. Vasiliev, S. Eisenstein, V. Pudovkin, A. Dovzhenko, I. Eck worked , S. Gerasimov, G. Aleksandrov and others).

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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