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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for an electrician of sewer communication devices. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, are fit for health reasons, have been trained in safe labor methods, have passed a knowledge test on labor safety, have an electrical safety group of at least III and appropriate professional training in accordance with tariff-qualification guide. 1.2. When maintaining and repairing sewer communication facilities, the following hazardous and harmful production factors are possible:
1.3. The electrician must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the standard industry standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to communications workers (Appendix 1). 1.4. The electrician must: 1.4.1. Comply with the internal labor regulations established by the enterprise. 1.4.2. Know how to use personal protective equipment. 1.4.3. Comply with safety requirements when performing work. 1.4.4. Know how to use fire extinguishing equipment. 1.4.5. Be able to provide first aid to victims of electric current and other accidents. 1.5. Work on cable communication lines is prohibited: 1.5.1. During a thunderstorm. 1.5.2. When the outdoor temperature is below the norm set by local authorities. An exception is allowed for the liquidation of accidents. In this case, the manager is obliged to organize the heating of the workers. 1.6. When working with hand tools, it is necessary to observe Instructions for labor protection when working with hand tools. 1.7. When working with power tools, you must observe "Instructions on labor protection when working with portable power tools and hand-held electric machines (power tools)". 1.8. About cases of injury to workers, about accidents and malfunctions of equipment, devices, etc. the electrician is obliged to notify his immediate supervisor. 1.9. For non-compliance with this Instruction, the perpetrators are held liable in accordance with the internal labor regulations or penalties determined by the Code of Labor Laws of the Russian Federation. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, the electrician must receive instructions on safety measures when performing work from the work manager, and understand the task received. 2.2. Put on the special clothes provided for by the norms, special shoes, prepare personal protective equipment. Prepare a special belt (when working in pits), vibration-proof gloves and goggles (when loosening the soil with a jackhammer and working with other pneumatic tools). 2.3. Check the serviceability of the tools, devices and protective equipment necessary to perform this work. Defective tools, protective devices must be replaced immediately. 2.4. Check the workplace and approaches to it for compliance with safety requirements. Put up the necessary protective fences and hang out warning posters. 2.5. When carrying out work on the carriageway, the fences must be installed towards the traffic at a distance of 2 m from the cable well, and at a distance of 10 - 15 m from this fence - warning signs. In case of poor visibility, light signals should be additionally installed. 2.6. The hatch of the well should be opened with the help of a special crowbar (with a copper tip), the frozen manhole cover should be warmed with quicklime, hot water or hot sand. 2.7. Before starting work in underground structures, it is necessary to check the air for the presence of hazardous gases using a gas analyzer. The presence of gas must be checked in the wells where the work will be carried out and in nearby adjacent wells. 2.8. Until it is established that there is no gas in the well, it is forbidden to approach it with an open fire. It is also necessary to ensure that passers-by do not approach the hatch with burning cigarettes, matches or open flames. 2.9. Before starting work, it is necessary to ventilate the well in which the work will be carried out, and adjacent to it (one on each side). Ventilation is carried out naturally or by fans. Open free (upper) channels on each side of the working well and adjacent to it. With the end of ventilation, the channels in the well where work will be carried out must be closed. The hatches of adjacent wells must be open for the entire duration of the work. They have mesh covers. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Earthwork 3.1.1. Digging trenches and pits, laying cables in trenches, as well as laying cables using a cable layer during the construction, reconstruction or repair of linear cable structures should be carried out only according to approved drawings. The drawings should indicate all underground structures located along the route of the communication line or crossing it within the working area (power cables, communication cables, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, water supply, sewerage). 3.1.2. When working in the immediate vicinity of underground utilities, the person responsible for the production of work is obliged to instruct the brigade against receipt on the conditions for the production of work, show the places where underground utilities pass according to the drawings and on the ground, and mark the boundaries in which only manual work without percussion instruments can be used. Prior to the start of work, it is necessary to install signs indicating the location of underground utilities. When digging trenches and pits near existing underground utilities, preliminary pitting is mandatory. To detect these communications crossing the projected route, pits 1 m long are dug along the axis of the future trench. 3.1.3. If underground utilities run parallel to the projected route, then the pits are dug perpendicular to the axis of the projected route every 20 m. The length of each pit must exceed the width of the projected trench on each side by at least 0,3 m. 3.1.4. The depth of the pits, if the desired structure is not found, should exceed the depth of the designed trench by 0,2 m. 3.1.5. Shafts, pits, trenches, pits, developed in places of traffic and pedestrians, must be protected by shields with warning inscriptions, and at night with signal lighting. Trench passages should be equipped with walkways with railings. 3.1.6. When excavating soil, workers should be aware that excavation in excavations with vertical walls without fastening is allowed to a depth of not more than, m:
3.1.7. If the depth of the recesses reaches a greater depth, then it is necessary to fix the walls of the recesses or make slopes. 3.1.8. When installing wall fasteners in excavations, the worker must: a) install the upper part of the fastening above the edge of the excavation by at least 0,15 m; b) fasteners should be installed in the direction from top to bottom as the excavation is developed to a depth of not more than 0,5 m; c) fastening posts should be installed at least every 1,5 m; d) fastening spacers should be placed vertically from one another at a distance of no more than 1 m, fixing bosses should be fixed to the ends of the spacers (top and bottom). 3.1.9. In soils of natural moisture, except for sandy ones, the thickness of the boards should be at least 4 cm, and the gaps between the boards should not exceed 0,15 m. In soils of high humidity and in loose soils, boards with a thickness of at least 5 cm should be located without gaps. 3.1.10. In the event of the formation of landslides or collapses of the soil, this place should be covered with soil after the installation of the fastening. 3.1.11. With a strong influx of groundwater or the presence of water-saturated spreading soils (quicksands), it is necessary to arrange artificial dewatering or sheet pile fastening. The sheet pile should be driven into waterproof soil to a depth indicated in the fastening passport, but not less than 0,75 m. 3.1.12. The dismantling of the soil in the excavations should be carried out in layers, it is not allowed to carry out these works by "undermining", with the formation of "visors". 3.1.13. When digging pits by hand, workers in the pit must be equipped with life belts with safety ropes attached to them. At least two workers must be on the surface, ready to immediately assist them in case of danger. 3.1.14. During work, the manager or foreman is obliged to constantly monitor the condition of the slopes of the pits, taking measures, if necessary, to prevent spontaneous collapses. 3.1.15. When using earth-moving machines for excavation, workers are prohibited from being or performing any work in the area of the excavator at a distance of less than 10 m from the place of operation of its bucket. It is only necessary to clean the bucket from adhering soil when the bucket is in the lowered position. 3.1.16. Loading of soil into dump trucks should be carried out from the side of the rear or side board. 3.1.17. It is forbidden to keep people between the earth-moving machine and the vehicle. 3.1.18. Dismantling of wall fasteners in excavations of pits and trenches should be carried out in the direction from the bottom up as the trench or pit is backfilled with soil. 3.1.19. In soils of natural moisture, simultaneous removal of fasteners by no more than 0,5 m (three boards) in height is allowed, and in soils of high humidity and loose soils - no more than 0,2 m (one board). When removing boards, the spacers should be rearranged accordingly as new ones are installed. In cases where the dismantling of fasteners can lead to deformation of structures, the fastening should be partially or completely left in the ground. 3.1.20. In winter, the development of soil, with the exception of dry sandy, can be carried out with vertical walls without fasteners to the full depth of their freezing. When working below the freezing level, fastening should be carried out. 3.1.21. The development of dry sandy soils, regardless of their freezing, should be carried out with slopes or with fasteners. 3.1.22. Pit pits and trenches, the development of which was started in frozen ground conditions, both without fastenings and with fastenings, while continuing work in conditions of positive temperature, must be respectively unfastened or additionally strengthened. 3.1.23. During mechanical loosening of frozen soil (wedge - with a hammer, ball - with a hammer), the worker must be at a distance of at least 20 m from the place of loosening. 3.1.24. If it is necessary to perform work on electrical heating of frozen soil, workers are not allowed to stay in areas of the heated area that are under voltage. The contour of the heated area must be fenced, warning notices are hung on the fences, and in the dark - signal lighting. It is forbidden to approach at a distance of less than 3 m to the contour of the heated area. 3.1.25. When electrically heating the soil, all electrical wires and electrical equipment must be securely fenced, and the electrical equipment housings must be grounded. 3.1.26. Installation and connection of electrical equipment to the supply network (city power grid or mobile power station), as well as monitoring of electrical heating, must be carried out by employees with an electrical safety group of at least III. These workers must be provided with the necessary protective equipment (dielectric gloves, galoshes, tools with insulating handles, etc.). 3.1.27. The serviceability of the electrical equipment and the supply cable should be checked daily, as well as after each movement of the equipment and re-laying the cable. Connect devices, change fuses only when the power is off. 3.1.28. People working near the heated area must be warned about the danger of electric shock. People are not allowed to stay in areas under voltage. 3.1.29. When warming the ground with hot water or steam, precautions must be taken against burns. 3.1.30. The development of soil on the site with the use of electrical heating is allowed only after the removal of electrical voltage and the release of the site from the wires. 3.2. Cable laying 3.2.1. When laying the cable manually, each worker must have a part of the cable weighing no more than 20 kg. When bringing the cable to the trench on the shoulders or in the hands, all workers should be on one side of the cable. 3.2.2. The conveyor must have devices for braking the rotating drum. 3.2.3. When laying the cable, it is not allowed to place workers inside the corner of the turn, and also to support the cable manually on the turns of the route. To do this, angle pulleys must be installed. 3.2.4. When rolling the drum over the terrain, next to the workers rolling the drum, there should be a worker who, if necessary, could stop the spontaneous movement of the drum by placing stops under its cheeks. It is forbidden to go ahead of the drum. 3.2.5. The ice formed in the channel should be thawed with hot steam. 3.2.6. The cable machine should be installed so that it does not interfere with traffic. The machine must be installed on the brakes, and put stops under the front wheels. 3.2.7. The provision of conditional signals for starting and stopping the winch pulling the cable must be carried out by a specially assigned worker. 3.2.8. When tightening the cable, it is forbidden to be at the bends of the rope and touch the cable or cable with bare hands. It is forbidden to stay in the well where the block for tightening the cable is installed. 3.2.9. All work on pulling the cable into the cable duct must be carried out in gloves. 3.3. Installation of distribution cable cabinets 3.3.1. The distance from the electrical equipment or gas pipeline to the switch cabinet must be at least 0,5 m. 3.3.2. Distribution cabinets must be earthed. 3.3.3. The inlet to the cabinet must be closed with a cabinet board, sealed with a cable or rags and carefully filled with a casting compound. 3.3.4. Distribution cabinets must be equipped with natural ventilation. Doors of cabinets must have door hooks that would prevent their spontaneous closing during operation. On the outer side of the inner door of the ShR-type cabinet and on the inner side of the door of the ShRP-type cabinet, warning inscriptions should be applied: "Check for the presence of extraneous voltage at the terminals and gas" and "Caution - gas". 3.4. Work in underground viewing devices and in cable entry rooms 3.4.1. Work in underground viewing devices, cable wells, collectors, cable entry rooms should be carried out by a team consisting of at least two people, with a work permit. 3.4.2. The presence of hazardous gases in the well must be determined whether there is an underground gas network or not. 3.4.3. To descend into the well and rise from it should be on a stably installed ladder. At the same time, each person descending must wear a rescue belt with straps with a securely attached strong rope and a helmet. 3.4.4. Near the well in which work is being carried out, there should be a duty officer who monitors the well-being of the worker. At night and in deserted areas of work, 2 people should be on duty at the well above. 3.4.5. All employees must be notified against receipt of the presence of cables with remote power supply or wire broadcasting on their site. 3.4.6. When working with open flames, cables located nearby, through which remote power is transmitted, must be protected by shields made of fire-resistant material. 3.4.7. Work in collectors and in technical undergrounds can only be carried out with the permission of the person responsible for their operation, and after checking for gas contamination. 3.4.8. To illuminate underground viewing devices, portable electric lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V or hand-held electric lamps should be used. Luminaires must be connected through step-down transformers located outside the viewing device room. Luminaires must be explosion-proof. 3.4.9. When working in a cable well located at a distance of 200 m from a stationary or mobile gas station, it is necessary to carefully check the presence of oil products in it. 3.4.10. When working in existing facilities, in order to avoid emergency situations, you should not:
3.5. Open fire work 3.5.1. Kindle a blowtorch should only be on the surface of the earth at a distance of no closer than 2 m from the well. 3.5.2. When working with a blowtorch, you should:
3.6. It is forbidden:
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. In the event of accidents and situations that can lead to accidents and accidents, it is necessary: 4.1.1. Stop work immediately and notify the person responsible for the work. 4.1.2. Under the guidance of the person responsible for the production of works, promptly take measures to eliminate the causes of accidents or situations that can lead to accidents or accidents. 4.2. If gas is found in trenches or pits, work in them must be immediately stopped, and workers removed from the danger zone. This should be reported to the work manager and the emergency gas service. 4.3. If in case of an accident it is necessary to descend into a well into which gas is continuously supplied, a hose gas mask must be used. The end of the hose should be kept at least 2 m away from the manhole at a height of 1 m from the ground level and turned against the wind so that the gas escaping from the well cannot enter the hose opening. In this case, during the entire time the worker is in it, at least three people must be on duty, including the person responsible for the work. In the well, where gas is constantly supplied, it is forbidden to use open fire. If artificial lighting is necessary, then it should be from a strong light source from above through the hatch or from a portable 12 V lamp in explosion-proof design. 4.4. If underground utilities not marked on the drawings are found, earthworks should be stopped until the nature of the discovered utilities is clarified and permission is obtained from the relevant organizations to continue work. 4.5. In case of accidental damage to any underground structure, the work foreman is obliged to immediately stop work, take measures to ensure the safety of workers, report the incident to his supervisor and to the emergency service of the relevant organization. 4.6. If there are recesses in the slopes, signs of shifting or slipping of the soil, workers must immediately stop the work and leave the danger zone before taking measures to ensure the stability of the slopes. 4.7. The immediate supervisor must be notified of the victims; report to a medical institution and take urgent measures to provide the necessary first aid. 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. Tidy up the workplace. 5.2. Check whether all the channels in the well are securely sealed, securely close the cable wells with covers. 5.3. Tools, equipment and other devices used in the work should be cleaned of soil and delivered to the main place of work. 5.4. Clean overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for their storage. 5.5. Wash your hands with soap and water, after rinsing them with a 1% solution of acetic acid, and rinse your mouth with water. 5.6. Report any shortcomings or malfunctions during the execution of work to the supervisor. Annex 1. List of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment
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