Russian history. Social movement in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century (the most important)

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Russian history. Social movement in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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21. Social movement in Russia in the first quarter of the XNUMXth century

The movement of the Decembrists took shape as early as 1814, when one after the other associations began to take shape, called pre-Decembrist ones:

1) "Order of Russian knights";

2) "Holy artel";

3) "Semenovskaya artel".

But they did not pose a serious threat to the state.

February 9, 1816 A secret organization called the Union of Salvation was established, whose goal was to abolish serfdom and replace autocracy with a constitutional monarchy. Because of the disagreements that arose, the "Union of Salvation" broke up, but instead of it in 1818 BC The Welfare Union was formed. Its participants decided to fight for the republic, choosing the tactics of a military revolution. Since 1821, secret revolutionary societies began to be created in Russia one after another.

One of these societies was the "Southern Society", under the leadership P. I. Pestel. Their program was Russkaya Pravda.

At the same time, the "Northern Society" was operating in St. Petersburg, headed by K. F. Ryleev, G. S. Batenkov, and the Bestuzhev brothers. Both societies agreed on the date of the performance - the summer of 1826, but due to the sudden death of Alexander I, the uprising was postponed to December 14, 1825

After the death of Alexander I, an interregnum arose. There were two pretenders to the throne:

1) Konstantin;

2) Nicholas.

Constantine renounced the throne, so the oath to Nicholas was scheduled for December 14th. The Decembrists decided to take advantage of the situation and December 14 at 11 am rebel troops gathered on the Senate Square. According to the plan, three detachments of the Decembrists were to capture the Winter Palace and arrest the new tsar, then seize the Peter and Paul Fortress and force the senators to recognize the coup.

But the Decembrist troops never dared to take decisive action. Artillery salvoes on the rebels put an end to the confrontation. After this, arrests of Decembrists began both in St. Petersburg and in the south of the country. The investigation into their case took place with the direct participation of Nicholas I, and he also passed the verdict. The trial was indicative in nature: P. I. Pestel, S. I. Muravyov, K. F. Ryleev, M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, P. G. Kakhovsky were sentenced to quartering, but Nicholas I commuted the sentence to execution by hanging. All other Decembrists were exiled.

Authors: Ivanushkina V.V., Trifonova N.O., Babaev G.A.

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