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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How England developed in the late 1950s. and the 1960s? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How England developed in the late 1950s. and the 1960s? If for most of the leading Western countries the end of the 1950s. and 1960s. were a time of rapid economic growth, the same cannot be said about the UK. English industry was stagnating, its position in the world economy was weakened. By the beginning of the 1970s. it occupied only fourth place in the global economic hierarchy. The urgent tasks of modernizing production and renewing fixed capital that faced the country required significant funds. An even heavier burden on the country's economy was the growing military spending. They began to increase after the failure of the Suez adventure. The country's budget deficit was growing, and this, in turn, complicated the solution of the problem of increasing the effectiveness of British policy. At the turn of the 1950-1960s. The difficulties of the British Empire increased significantly in connection with the powerful upsurge of the national liberation movement. But, despite these difficulties, the Conservatives managed to stay in power until 1963, when a scandal erupted in connection with the love affairs of Secretary of Defense J. Profumo. In order not to undermine the reputation of the Conservative Party, G. MacMillan resigned. A. Douglas-Home took his place. There was a change of leader in the camp of the Laborites. The opposition party was headed by G. Wilson. Under the leadership of the new head of the Laborites, a program manifesto was prepared, in which the emphasis was on stimulating scientific and technological progress as a means of overcoming the stagnation of the British economy. With this program, the Laborites entered the parliamentary elections held in 1964. The Laborites won by a small margin from the Conservatives. This allowed G. Wilson to form the fifth Labor government. Under his leadership, the "five-year economic plan" was approved by the parliament. It provided for an annual increase in production at the level of 5%, which would make it possible to eliminate the deficit in the balance of payments. To fulfill the plan, G. Wilson had to ensure joint action (government - business - trade unions). Prepared in connection with this government document "Declaration of Intent" proposed to limit the growth of wages and price increases. This policy was called the "price and income policy". But after the 1966 elections, Labor moved to a forced wage freeze, which angered the unions. In 1967 G. Wilson had to devalue the national currency. But this did not change the economic situation. The domestic political situation was complicated by a sharp aggravation of the situation in Northern Ireland, where the Catholic minority became more active. In response to this, the Labor government in 1969 decided to introduce British armed forces into Northern Ireland. This marked the beginning of the long-term Ulster crisis. Labor was defeated in the 1970 elections. The new conservative government was headed by E. Heath. His campaign program "Better Future" focused on stimulating the British economy, not by stepping up government regulation, but by supporting private enterprise. But this course led to the fact that powerful labor conflicts began to shake the country. The escalation of the conflict in Northern Ireland has added to the tense situation in the field of labor relations. In an effort to bring down the intensity of passions, London in March 1972 introduced its direct rule in this territory. In 1973 a referendum was held on the status of Northern Ireland. The majority on it were supporters of maintaining the union with Great Britain. However, the Catholic minority boycotted the referendum, was not going to put up with its results, and tensions in the province remained high. All this weakened the position of the conservatives. During the regular elections, they again gave way to the Laborites, headed by G. Wilson. However, the new cabinet could not count on a speedy resolution of the crisis problems. These circumstances made the situation in the country unstable and did not allow hope for stabilization in the near future. Author: Irina Tkachenko
What mountains are sacred? Mount Fuji (Fujiyama) with a height of 3776 m, the highest peak in Japan, is the holy mountain of the Shintoists. There is no other mountain in the world that has been depicted so many times in paintings, postcards, etc. Mauna Kea in the Hawaiian Islands with a height of 4202 m is a sacred mountain for local residents. If we consider the height of this volcano from the very foot, then it is the highest peak in the world - over 10000 m. However, the foot of Mauna Kea is located below the level of the Pacific Ocean. Olympus in Greece with a height of 2918 m was the home of the gods for the ancient Greeks. Muses lived on Parnassus (a mountain range in central Greece with a height of 2457 m). Mount Sinai (the exact place is unknown, is identified with Mount Jabal-Sirbal in Egypt (2637 m)) is sacred to Jews and Christians. They consider this mountain to be the place where Moses received the Ten Commandments from the Lord.
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