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New Zealand linen (formium strong). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
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Content
- Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
- Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
- Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
- Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
- Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
New Zealand flax (formium strong), Phormium tenax. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Sort by: Phorium
Family: Hemerocallidaceae (day lily family)
Origin: New Zealand
Area: New Zealand flax is widely distributed in New Zealand, also cultivated in other temperate countries.
Chemical composition: The roots and leaves of the plant contain xylan, pectin, proteins, sugars, fatty oils, carotenoids, and the leaves also contain catechins, quercetin and other flavonoids.
Economic value: New Zealand flax is popular in landscaping and landscaping due to its decorative effect and resistance to various climatic conditions. Ropes, paper, textile materials are produced from its leaves, and are also used as roofing material. In addition, the plant has medicinal properties: an extract from the roots is used as a sedative and anticonvulsant.
Legends and myths: The Māori formium has many nicknames, including harakeke, wharariki, tī kōuka, and multika, and is used in various arts and crafts. Maori use formium leaves to create fabrics, baskets, rugs, ropes and more. They also use the plant medicinally, as a cure for insect bites, and to treat other ailments. In Western culture, Formium strong is widely used in landscape design as an ornamental plant due to its high resistance to dryness and drought. However, in New Zealand it is often considered a symbol of courage and resilience, associated with the rich cultural history of the Maori.
New Zealand flax (formium strong), Phormium tenax. Description, illustrations of the plant
New Zealand flax (formium strong), Phormium tenax. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
The fiber of the leaves of this culture is white, flexible, shiny, very durable. It is used as a substitute for sisal in the production of twine and rope products, and also as a spinning fiber for the manufacture of durable fabrics that are resistant to water. Well processed fiber is used for admixture to cotton and wool.
Leaves contain about 22% fiber. From the fleshy leaves you can get up to 50-60% of the juice from which alcohol is obtained (2-5%). The local population of New Zealand uses the roots and leaves for medicinal purposes.
Beautiful bushes of New Zealand flax with long saber-shaped, variously colored leaves are of decorative interest. The essential oil is obtained from the petals.
New Zealand flax fiber has appeared on the world market since 1830. In the XNUMXth century. brought to Asia (India), Africa, the island of Mauritius and the Azores and Europe (the Mediterranean coast).
The range of the genus is between 35 and 51 ° S. sh. Both types are fibrous. Phormium colensoi is known as mountain flax in New Zealand but is not widely distributed due to its low fiber content. The species Phormium tenax, which has a high fiber content, has gained industrial importance. Distributed in New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, South Africa, Brazil.
The genus Phormium includes 2 species.
New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax Forst.), Liliaceae family (Liliaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant, flexible xiphoid basal leaves up to 2,5-3 m long develop on a shortened fleshy, often branched rhizome.
Refers to monocarpic plants, blooms once in a lifetime.
Cross-pollination, but self-pollination is also possible.
A flower arrow develops from the center of the rosette of leaves, the flowers are numerous, collected in panicles, bisexual. The height of the flower arrow is from 1,5 to 3,5 m.
The fruit is a 3-sided box, from 6 to 16 cm long. Each box contains up to 100-150 seeds.
Seeds are black, shiny, flat, 10-16 mm long, 5 mm wide. The weight of 1000 seeds is approximately 11 g.
Ground shoots are formed from the rhizome, each shoot (in the form of a fan) usually develops from 8 to 20 leaves. The leaves are leathery, shiny, erect or sometimes drooping, xiphoid, green in color with various shades. The central vein of the leaf, as well as the edges, are often colored reddish-brown. The vein of the leaf reaches only to its middle, and the leaves droop at the place of its termination.
Reproduction - vegetative, dividing the bush. Having a creeping rhizome, New Zealand flax occupies a large area with age and forms dense large bushes, consisting of many individual shoots united by a single root system. By dividing such a bush, you can get up to 15-20 parts of the rhizome and the above-ground shoot, which are used for planting.
Planting is carried out in rows with a row spacing of 180-240 cm, in a row between plants 120 cm.
It takes 5-6 years to get the first harvest for fiber. The crop is harvested within 4-6 years after the first harvest.
The time of maturity of the leaves for harvesting is determined mainly visually (twisting of the leaves, cracking of the upper edge of the leaf). Plants are cut at a height of 15-20 cm from the soil surface, the leaves are tied into bunches. 30-40 tons of leaves from 1 ha are considered a good harvest. Fiber yield 2-4 t/ha at 9-10% yield.
The processing of the leaves in order to extract the fiber is carried out by a machine. Each worker feeds 2 or 3 sheets into it at once. The leaves pass between special shafts, where the fiber is separated, which enters the washer. From the washer, the fiber is fed to the carding device via a conveyor.
Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
New Zealand flax (formium strong), Phormium tenax. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
- For the treatment of wounds and cuts: crush New Zealand flax leaves and apply to cuts and wounds. This will help speed up the healing process and prevent infection.
- For the treatment of skin diseases: Mix New Zealand flax leaves with olive oil and apply on skin conditions such as eczema or dermatitis. This will help reduce inflammation and itching.
- As an anti-inflammatory agent: For gum disease and toothache, mix crushed New Zealand flax leaves with honey and apply to aching teeth and gums. This will help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
- To treat coughs and colds: infuse New Zealand flax leaves in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Add honey and lemon juice and drink a drink to relieve cough and cold symptoms.
Cosmetology:
- New Zealand linen face mask: Mix crushed New Zealand flax leaves with natural yogurt and apply on face for 10-15 minutes. This mask will help moisturize the skin, make it more elastic and reduce the signs of aging.
- New Zealand flax hair care product: infuse New Zealand flax leaves in boiling water for 30-40 minutes. Cool the infusion, add jojoba oil and apply to hair for 30 minutes before shampooing. This remedy will help strengthen the hair and prevent hair loss.
- Nail strengthener: Mix crushed New Zealand flax leaves with olive oil and apply to nails for 10-15 minutes. This tool will help strengthen your nails and make them healthier and more beautiful.
- New Zealand Linen Body Scrub: Mix crushed New Zealand flax leaves with sea salt and jojoba oil. Massage into the skin of the body and rinse thoroughly with water. This scrub will help exfoliate dead skin cells, improve skin texture and give a healthy glow.
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
New Zealand flax (formium strong), Phormium tenax. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
New Zealand flax, also known as strong formium, is a plant native to New Zealand. It has long, stiff leaves and is used to decorate gardens and landscaping.
Tips for growing, harvesting and storing New Zealand flax:
Cultivation:
- New Zealand flax prefers a sunny location and fertile soil with good drainage capacity.
- The best time to sow seeds is spring or early summer.
- Seeds must be sown to a depth of about 1 cm and at a distance of about 30-60 cm from each other.
- Plants need to be watered regularly, especially during periods of dryness.
Workpiece:
- New Zealand flax leaves should be cut when they reach a length of about 1,5-2 meters.
- The leaves can be used for indoor decorative purposes, as material for carpets and rugs, and for making belts, bags, and other items.
Storage:
- Cut leaves should be stored in a dry and cool place so that they do not lose their shape and color for up to 6 months.
- If you are using New Zealand flax leaves for indoor decorative purposes, direct sunlight and high humidity should be avoided.
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