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Civil law. Part II. Concept, characteristics and subject of the gift agreement (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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24. CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBJECT OF THE DONATION AGREEMENT

Donation agreement - an agreement under which one party (the donor) gratuitously transfers or undertakes to transfer to the other party (the donee) a thing in ownership, or a property right (claim) to himself or a third party, or releases or undertakes to release it from a property obligation to himself or a third party (Clause 1 of Article 572 of the Civil Code).

A type of donation agreement is donation - a donation made in relation to an indefinite number of persons for generally beneficial purposes (Article 582 of the Civil Code).

Characteristics of the donation agreement: a donation agreement can be both consensual and real; unilaterally binding; free of charge. A consensual agreement may be conditional, i.e., contain either a suspensive or resolutive condition.

Requirements for the consensual agreement:

▪ a promise of donation will have the force of a civil contract only if it is put into proper form (clause 2 of Article 572, clause 2 of Article 574 of the Civil Code);

▪ the promise must concern a specific subject (clause 2 of Article 572 of the Civil Code);

▪ the promise must provide for the transfer of the thing by the donor during his lifetime; otherwise, it will be considered as a will, and not as a gift agreement (clause 3 of Article 572 of the Civil Code).

The donation agreement is regulated by the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 572-582), as well as a number of Federal Laws: "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)"; "On charitable activities and charitable organizations"; Art. 20 FZ "On weapons"; Art. 25 FZ "On the museum fund of the Russian Federation and museums of the Russian Federation".

Subject donation agreements:

▪ things (property);

▪ property rights (claims) to oneself or to third parties (the grant of rights to third parties occurs according to the rules of assignment of claims (cession) of Article 382 of the Civil Code);

▪ release from obligation (by forgiveness of the donee’s debt, transfer of the donee’s debt to the donor, or the donor’s fulfillment of the donee’s obligation). The transfer of the donee's debt to the donor is carried out according to special rules on the transfer of debt (Articles 391, 392 of the Civil Code).

Features of thingstransferred under a gift agreement:

▪ the type of thing (movable or immovable) and its value determine the legal regime of the contract (the form of the contract, the possibility of donation by a specific person, etc. depend on them);

▪ the fate of the thing depends on how detailed the thing is described in the contract: a contract in which the thing is not specified is considered invalid;

▪ the intended use of the transferred item can be determined by the donor only in the donation agreement, and such a determination is necessary in agreements in which the beneficiary is a citizen (clause 3 of Article 582 of the Civil Code);

▪ the contract should provide for the method of transfer of the thing: direct delivery of the thing, symbolic transfer of the thing, delivery of legal documents for the thing.

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