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Civil law. Part II. Concept, characteristics, legal regulation, elements of a loan agreement. Responsibility under the contract (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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40. CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS, LEGAL REGULATION, ELEMENTS OF THE LOAN AGREEMENT. LIABILITY UNDER THE CONTRACT

Under a loan agreement, one party (lender) undertakes to transfer the thing for gratuitous temporary use to the other party (to the borrower), and the latter undertakes to return the same thing in the condition in which it was received, taking into account normal wear and tear or in the condition stipulated by the contract (clause 1 of Article 689 of the Civil Code).

This agreement belongs to the group of agreements on the transfer of property for use, it is regulated by the articles of Ch. 36 of the Civil Code, articles of the Civil Code on rent, as well as special laws, for example. "On librarianship", Forest Code of the Russian Federation.

By the participants This agreement can be any subjects of civil law, however, the lender can only be either the owner of the thing, or a person authorized by the owner or the law to lend property, in addition, the legislator somewhat restricts the rights of commercial organizations: they do not have the right to lend their property to the founder and a member of its organization, as well as persons exercising control over this organization. The change of the lender in the agreement does not terminate the loan agreement: his rights and obligations are transferred to his successor.

The subject of the contract are things. The requirements for the subject of the loan agreement are the same as for the subject of the lease agreement. The subject of the loan agreement is its essential condition.

Form of contract loans must be written only in cases where the value of the subject of the loan exceeds 10 times the minimum wage, or when at least one of the parties to the agreement is a legal entity (i.e., the rules establishing special conditions for the form of the lease agreement do not apply to the loan agreement) . In cases where the subject of the contract is real estate, the contract is subject to the state. registration.

Free of charge contract loans is its essential condition.

Contract term loans can be either definite or indefinite. If the term of the contract is indefinite, the notice of withdrawal from the contract must be given one month in advance.

The lender responds:

▪ for defects in the thing that he (intentionally or through gross negligence) did not stipulate when concluding the loan agreement, but is not responsible for the defects that were stipulated by him, were known in advance to the borrower or were discovered by him when concluding the agreement or transferring the thing;

▪ for damage caused to a third party as a result of the use of the item by the borrower, unless it proves that the damage was caused due to intent or gross negligence of the borrower or the third party.

The recipient responds:

▪ for the risk of accidental death or accidental damage to a thing in the event that he could have prevented its death or damage by sacrificing his thing, but chose to keep it;

▪ for accidental loss or accidental damage to a thing, if it was lost or damaged due to the fact that he did not use it in accordance with the agreement or purpose or transferred it to a third party without the consent of the lender.

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