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Civil law. Part II. Settlement obligations. Forms of non-cash payments. Payments by payment order (most important)

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88. SETTLEMENT LIABILITIES. FORMS OF NON-CASH PAYMENTS. SETTLEMENTS BY PAYMENT ORDER

Settlement liabilities established by agreements. As an element of these contracts, the settlement legal relationship involves the establishment of the obligation of one party - the payer - to pay and the right of the other party - the recipient of money - to demand payment.

Settlements with the participation of citizens, not related to their entrepreneurial activities, can be made in cash without limiting the amount or in a non-cash manner.

Settlements between legal entities, as well as settlements with the participation of citizens related to their entrepreneurial activities, are made in a non-cash manner. Settlements between these persons may also be made in cash, unless otherwise provided by law.

Non-cash payments are made through banks, other credit institutions (hereinafter referred to as banks) in which the relevant accounts are opened, unless otherwise follows from the law and is not due to the form of payment used.

Forms cashless payments. Settlements by payment orders, letters of credit, checks, settlements by collection, as well as settlements in other forms provided for by law, banking rules established in accordance with it, and business practices applied in banking practice are allowed.

For any non-cash payments, legal term: two business days within one subject of the Russian Federation and five business days within different subjects of the Russian Federation (Article 80 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)").

When paying by payment order the bank undertakes, on behalf of the payer, at the expense of the funds in his account, to transfer a certain amount of money to the account of the person indicated by the payer in this or another bank within the time period provided for by law or established in accordance with it, unless a shorter period is provided for by the bank account agreement, or is not determined by the customs of business turnover used in banking practice.

The payment order is valid only for ten days from the date of issue, and the day of issue is not taken into account. Urgent, early and deferred orders are also known. The payer's order is executed by the bank if there are funds on the payer's account. Instructions are executed by the bank in compliance with the order in which funds are debited from the account. The Bank is obliged to immediately inform the payer on his request about the execution of the order.

For non-execution or improper execution of the client's transfer order, the bank bears the full property liability according to the rules established for commercial organizations. Such liability may be imposed by the court on a third party - a bank that was attracted by the payer's bank to transfer money, but did not execute or improperly executed the order. If the violation of the rules for settlement transactions by the bank resulted in the unlawful withholding of funds, the bank is obliged to pay interest in the manner and in the amount provided for in Art. 395 GK.

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