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Civil law. Part II. General provisions on obligations arising from unjust enrichment (most important)

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106. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON LIABILITIES ARISING FROM UNFAIR ENRICHMENT

Obligations arising as a result of unjust enrichment are an independent type of obligations, the scope of which is determined both by the features of the grounds for their occurrence and the specifics of their content.

Concept of obligation from unjust enrichment follows from paragraph 1 of Art. 1102 of the Civil Code: a person who, without statutory, other legal acts or a transaction, has acquired or saved property (acquirer) at the expense of another person (victim), is obliged to return to the latter the property acquired or saved unjustifiably (unjust enrichment).

By the parties obligations from unjust enrichment are the acquirer (debtor) and the victim (creditor). Citizens, legal entities and other subjects of civil law can act as debtors and creditors.

The subject obligation from unjust enrichment is the action of the unjustly enriched (debtor) to return to the victim (creditor) unjustly acquired or saved.

The object liabilities from unjust enrichment is property. Term "property" includes:

▪ material objects, which in this obligation must be determined by generic characteristics, since the demand for the return of an individually defined item is possible only with the help of a vindication claim;

▪ property rights in accordance with Art. 1106 Civil Code.

Types of obligations from unjust enrichment:

▪ arising as a result acquisitions property (the property of the acquirer increases, and the property of the victim decreases);

▪ arising as a result savings property (preservation of property on the side of the acquirer and reduction or non-increase of property on the side of the victim).

Conditions for the emergence of obligations from unjust enrichment:

▪ the enrichment of one person must occur at the expense of another;

▪ enrichment must occur due to the lack of legal grounds for it.

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