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Civil law. Part II. Features of the liability of persons who own a source of increased danger in the event of harm (the most important)

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104. FEATURES OF RESPONSIBILITY OF PERSONS OWNING A SOURCE OF INCREASED DANGER IN THE EVENT OF HARM

A source of increased danger is understood as vehicles, mechanisms, high-voltage electrical energy, atomic energy, explosives, highly effective poisons, etc. (clause 1 of article 1079 of the Civil Code).

The owner of a source of increased danger is obliged to compensate for the harm caused, unless he proves that it arose as a result of force majeure or the intent of the victim (paragraph 1 of article 1079 of the Civil Code).

The owner of a source of increased danger may be released by the court from liability in whole or in part in the following cases:

▪ gross negligence of the victim himself (clause 2 of Article 1083 of the Civil Code);

▪ property insolvency of the tortfeasor, except for the case when the harm was caused by him intentionally (clause 3 of Article 1083 of the Civil Code);

▪ if he proves that the source was removed from his possession as a result of illegal actions of other persons. These persons will be responsible (clause 2 of Article 1079). Owners of sources of increased danger who caused harm to third parties as a result of the latter’s interaction are jointly liable (clause 3 of Article 1079 of the Civil Code).

Responsibility for causing harm can be assigned both to its owner and to the person who unlawfully took possession of it, if the owner of the source of increased danger is guilty of illegally seizing it (for example, the owner of the car left the car door open with the ignition keys for a short period of his absence). ) (clause 2 of article 1079 of the Civil Code).

The harm caused to the owners of sources of increased danger as a result of the interaction of these sources is compensated on a general basis - Art. 1064 of the Civil Code (clause 3 of article 1079 of the Civil Code).

The fault of the victim is not taken into account when reimbursing additional expenses - paragraph 1 of Art. 1085 of the Civil Code, in case of compensation for harm in connection with the death of the breadwinner - Art. 1089 of the Civil Code, as well as for reimbursement of burial expenses - Art. 1094 of the Civil Code (paragraph 3 of clause 2 of article 1083 of the Civil Code).

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