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Civil law. Part II. Towing agreement (most important)

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58. TOW CONTRACT

On towing agreement one side (tow) is obliged for a fee to tow a floating object to a certain point or to perform a certain maneuver, and the other party (client) - pay the contractual fee.

Characteristics of the contract: mutual, compensated, can be both real and consensual.

This agreement is regulated only by the Merchant Shipping Code, the code and charters of inland water transport (KTM, KVVT UVVT).

Subject contracts - services for moving a floating object. Such an object can be a raft, a ship, a non-self-propelled barge, a transport being towed out of the harbor.

An object is moved by pulling or pushing it.

The movement of a floating object at sea to a certain point is sea towing, and its movement to perform a certain maneuver in the port waters is port towing (Article 225 of the CTM).

Sea towing is carried out under the control of the captain of the towing vessel, and port towing - under the control of the captain of the towed floating object (Articles 229, 230 of the CTM).

During river towing, the crew of the towed object is operationally subordinate to the captain of the towing vessel (Article 89 of the KVVT).

Form towing agreements on river transport must be written in the form of an invoice submitted by the client to the towing vehicle. In exchange for the consignment note, the tugboat (shipping company) issues a receipt to the client. The contract of sea towing can be concluded in any form, regardless of its amount. However, the fact that the captain of the towing vessel is responsible for managing the towing must be proved only by written evidence.

Hand towing contracts.

Towing vehicle is the owner of the towing vessel. This role can be played by a shipping company, a port, a wharf.

Client is the owner of the towed object. It can be any person interested in towing a floating object, while the right of possession can be associated with both the right of ownership and the real right of the non-owner.

Powers of the parties to the contract differ depending on the object being towed: whether the object is a ship or a raft, as well as on the stage of rendering services: before the tug is delivered and the object is accepted for towing, during towing and after its completion.

Responsibility of the parties to the contract towing for damage caused to the client or the towing vehicle depends on the allocation of responsibilities for managing the towing. So, the responsibility for damage to the towed object is borne by the towing operator, unless he proves his innocence and only if the captain of the towing vessel controlled the towing. And for the damage caused to the towing vehicle, the client is responsible if the towing is managed by the captain of the towed object. The parties to the agreement may also establish a different procedure for their liability.

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