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Civil law. Part II. Concept and characteristics of a lease agreement. Responsibility of the parties and termination of the contract (most important)

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34. CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEASE AGREEMENT. LIABILITY OF THE PARTIES AND TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT

On lease agreement one party (the lessor) undertakes to provide the other party (the lessee) with property for temporary possession and use or for temporary use for a fee.

This agreement is included in the group of agreements aimed at the transfer of property for use.

The concepts of "rent" and "property lease" in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are synonymous.

Characteristics of the lease agreement: consensual, mutual, compensatory.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides only 5 types of lease agreements (although in fact much more can be distinguished): rental; vehicle rental; lease of buildings and structures; enterprise lease; financial lease (leasing).

The lease agreement is regulated mainly by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Other normative acts: Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights" (under a rental agreement); Federal Law "On Leasing"; transport statutes (they regulate the rental of vehicles); Land Code of the Russian Federation; Forest Code of the Russian Federation; Water Code of the Russian Federation; RF Law "On Subsoil"; Law "On the Animal World".

The landlord responds: for the risk of accidental loss or damage to the leased property, since it is its owner; shortcomings of the leased property, if they impede its use; failure to fulfill their obligations under the contract and the law.

The tenant responds: for late rent; untimely return of property (he is obliged to pay rent for the time of delay, as well as pay a penalty); failure to fulfill other obligations stipulated by the contract and the law.

Grounds for termination of the lease: performance of the contract; the liquidation of a legal entity if it is a tenant or lessor, but the death of a citizen who is a party to a lease agreement does not terminate the agreement: the rights and obligations of the deceased are transferred to his heir; agreement of the parties to terminate the contract; a claim to the court of one of the parties, etc.

Grounds for termination of the lease agreement by the court at the request of the landlord: use by the tenant of the leased property in violation of the terms of the contract or the purpose of the property; significant deterioration by the tenant of the leased property; delay of two terms of rent payment; non-fulfillment by the tenant of the obligation to carry out current repairs or bear the costs of maintaining the leased property.

The peculiarity of the presentation by the lessor of the statement of claim to the arbitration court: he must present a copy of the document warning him of the tenant of a violation of his duties.

Grounds for termination of the lease agreement by the court at the request of the tenant: non-provision by the lessor of the subject of lease to the tenant; provision by the lessor of property with deficiencies that prevent its use; non-fulfillment by the lessor of obligations to carry out major repairs of the property leased by him; the unsuitability of the leased property for use due to circumstances for which the tenant is not responsible.

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