State and municipal administration. Forms of government (most important)

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State and municipal administration. Forms of government (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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10. Forms of government

There are two main forms of government - monarchy and republic. Their supreme bodies differ from each other both in the order of formation, and in composition, and in competence.

Monarchy - this is a form of government in which all the fullness of state power is concentrated in the hands of one person - the monarch (king, king, shah, emperor, sultan, etc.), who performs the functions of both head of state, and legislative, and in many ways executive power .

Under an unlimited (absolute) monarchy, the monarch is the only supreme body of the state. He performs a legislative function, manages the executive authorities, controls justice.

Under a limited monarchy, the highest state power is dispersed between the monarch and another body or bodies (the Zemsky Sobor in the Russian Empire). The limited ones include a class-representative monarchy and a modern constitutional monarchy, in which the power of the monarch is limited by the constitution, parliament, government and an independent court.

Republic - a form of government in which:

1) state power is transferred by the people to a certain collegial, and not an individual body (senate, parliament, people's assembly, federal assembly, etc.), which performs its functional purpose in the mode of "checks and balances" with other branches of power;

2) representative power is replaceable, elected for a certain period;

3) the accountability and responsibility of the authorities for the results of their activities is legislated.

Signs of the republic:

1) electivity and turnover of representative power;

2) collegiality of the board;

3) accountability and responsibility (political and legal) of the authorities for the results of their activities.

Modern republics are divided into parliamentary and presidential.

In a parliamentary republic Parliament is endowed not only with legislative powers, but also with the right to resign the government, expressing no confidence in it, the government is responsible to parliament for its activities. The President of the Republic is the head of state, but not the head of government. The government is formed by the party that wins the parliamentary elections.

Presidential republic - This is a form of government in which the president, directly under certain parliamentary control, forms a government that is responsible to him for its activities.

Author: Konstantin Sibikeev

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