State and municipal administration. Forms of government (the most important)

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State and municipal administration. Forms of government (the most important)

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11. Forms of government

The state structure is understood as the internal national-territorial organization of the state, the ratio of the whole and its part. This category provides answers to questions about how the territory of the state is organized, what parts it consists of, what is their legal status. There are three generally recognized forms of government: unitary, federal and confederal (intermediate).

Unitary state - this is an integral centralized state, the administrative-territorial units of which (regions, provinces, districts, etc.) do not have the status of state entities, do not have sovereign rights. Since the main feature of a unitary state is integrity, the following is natural: the only supreme body of the state, a single citizenship, a single constitution, which creates organizational and legal prerequisites for a high degree of influence of the central state power throughout the country. The bodies of administrative-territorial units are either fully subordinate to the center, or dually subordinate to the center and local representative bodies.

Most of the states have a unitary form of government. The population of a unitary state can be either single-ethnic or multi-ethnic.

Federal state (federation) there is a complex state, consisting of several subjects united to solve common problems.

In this case, the subjects are formed according to the national or territorial principle, or it uses both the first and the second.

The state formations and states that are part of the federation are called its subjects. They can have their own constitutions, their own citizenship, their own supreme state bodies - legislative, executive, judicial. The presence in the federation of two systems of higher bodies - the federation as a whole and its subjects - makes it necessary to distinguish between their competence (subjects of jurisdiction).

Confederation - this is a union of sovereign states, formed to achieve certain goals (military, economic, etc.). Here, the allied bodies only coordinate the activities of the member states of the confederation and only on those issues for the solution of which they have united. The Confederation does not have sovereignty.

Confederate associations are of an unstable, transitional nature: they either disintegrate or are transformed into federations. Confederation can be called a transitional form of government. For example, the states of North America from 1776 to 1787. were united in a confederation, which was dictated by the interests of the struggle against British rule. The confederation became a stepping stone towards the creation of a federal state - the United States.

Author: Konstantin Sibikeev

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