Age-related psychology. Intrauterine development of a child and its features (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Intrauterine development of a child and its features (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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11. INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD AND ITS FEATURES

Periods of embryonic development of a child:

1) initial (first 7 days of development);

2) embryonic (from the 2nd to the 8th week of pregnancy);

3) fetal (from the 9th week until delivery).

By the 8th week, the embryo begins to acquire the features characteristic of a person. In the process of embryonic development, a person goes through several crisis stages associated with the formation of his individual systems.

During the stable period, the adoption stage (from the 8th to the 16th week of pregnancy) and the intrauterine infant stage (from the 20th to the 28th week of pregnancy) pass through. The crisis stages are the stages of otherness (this stage occurs from the beginning of pregnancy to the 13th week) and fetality (from the 15th to the 22nd week of pregnancy).

Let's consider these stages in more detail. The first stage in time is the crisis of otherness. This is the moment of conception of the child and its acceptance by the mother's body, that is, the initial stage of the formation of the fetus.

The second stage is the acceptance stage. At this stage, the fetus is accepted by the mother's body, her awareness of her own pregnancy. The third stage is the fetal crisis.

During this period, the fetus begins to actively manifest itself, that is, move. A mother, feeling her child, can respond to his movements (for example, by stroking), develop his sensory abilities. The fourth and last is the developmental stage (or the intrauterine infant stage). During this period, the active formation of the fetus continues. It increases in size, more and more acquires the features of a person. During this period, the mother and fetus emotional connection becomes more stable.

By the beginning of the 3rd month, it is already possible to speak about the development of the sense organs and the brain centers corresponding to them. Already at six weeks, you can fix the work of the brain, at seven - synapses begin their activity. This is the period of the first reflexes.

A three-month-old fetus can already feel the touch, he begins to actively move. The auditory system begins to form from the 8th week. The formation of the inner ear begins first, followed by the outer, and by the 5th month the process of formation of the entire auditory system is completed.

Sight and smell are also formed during the prenatal period, but unlike tactile sensations and hearing, they do not manifest themselves in any way until the moment of birth.

This is their difference from the taste, which the child begins to demonstrate early enough, which affects the needs of the mother.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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