Age-related psychology. The concept of development in developmental psychology (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. The concept of development in developmental psychology (the most important)

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6. THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT IN AGE PSYCHOLOGY

According to the dialectical understanding, development is not only a process of quantitative changes (increase or decrease in any mental manifestations, properties and qualities).

Accordingly, mental development cannot be entirely reduced to the fact that with age something increases (vocabulary, amount of attention, amount of memorized material, etc.) or decreases (children's fantasy, impulsive behavior, etc.). Development is due to the fact that at certain age periods something qualitatively new appears in the psyche - these are the so-called neoplasms.

Such neoplasms include, for example, the subjective readiness for schooling of children of seven years of age, a sense of adulthood in adolescents. In developmental psychology, the very concept of "development" is used in relation to the human psyche. Age-related mental development is the process of the formation of the psyche (its growth, development) of the child from the moment of birth to his maturation as a person, the onset of his social maturity. Development is distinguished by qualitative transformations, various changes, the emergence of completely different mechanisms, structures and processes.

Child development is an amazing and even unique process. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it begins from above under the influence of activity, and not from below. This practical activity is determined by the level of social development. Child development does not have specific definite forms, just as it does not have a given final form.

In society, there are no developmental processes that act according to an already existing, i.e., established, model (with the exception of developmental processes in ontogenesis).

Consequently, the process of human development is not subject to the biological laws that operate in animals, but is subject to socio-historical laws. Being born, a person does not have formed forms of behavior, they develop over time, due to the influence of society and the laws that have developed in it.

Developmental psychology deals with the study of the driving forces, conditions and laws of mental development itself.

The driving forces in mental development are those factors that determine the development of the child. They embody the motivating sources of development and direct its process.

Necessary conditions are external and internal factors, always present and influencing. Regularities are called laws of mental development. With their help, they describe the process of mental development of people and control it.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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