Age-related psychology. Forms of communication during infancy. Criteria of M. I. Lisina (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Forms of communication during infancy. Criteria of M. I. Lisina (the most important)

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15. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION DURING INFANTITY. CRITERIA M. I. LISINA

Communication, according to M. I. Lisina, is a communicative activity with its own structure:

1) communication - mutually directed communication, where each participant acts as a subject;

2) motivating motive - specific properties of a person (personal, business qualities);

3) the meaning of communication is to satisfy the need for knowledge of other people and ourselves through the evaluation of others and ourselves. Sufficiently wide and significant for the child

all interactions with adults. Communication, however, most often acts here only as part of it, since, in addition to communication, the child has other needs. Every day the child makes new discoveries for himself, he needs fresh vivid impressions, vigorous activity. Children need their aspirations to be understood and recognized, in a sense of support from an adult. The development of the communication process is closely related to all these needs of children, on the basis of which several categories can be distinguished, determined by the motives of communication, such as:

1) a cognitive category that arises when the child receives new vivid impressions;

2) a business category that arises in the process of active activity of the child;

3) a personal category that arises in the process of direct communication between the child and adults. M. I. Lisina presented the development of communication with adults as a change in several forms of communication. The time of occurrence, the content of the need that is being satisfied, the motives and means of communication were taken into account.

An adult is the main driver in the development of a child’s communication. Thanks to his presence, attention, and care, the communication process begins and goes through all stages of its development. In the first months of life, the child begins to react to the adult: he looks for him with his eyes, smiles in response to his smile. At four to six months the child develops a revival complex. Now he can look long enough and intently at an adult, smile, showing positive emotions. His motor abilities develop and vocalization appears.

The revival complex, according to M. I. Lisina, plays an important role in shaping the interaction of the child with adults. The emergence of situational-personal communication is an important stage in the formation of a child's personality. The child begins to feel on an emotional level. He shows positive emotions, he has a desire to attract the attention of an adult, a desire for common activities with him. Next comes situational business communication. Now the child is not enough with the attention of an adult, he needs to perform joint activities with him, as a result of which manipulative activity appears.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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