Age-related psychology. Crisis 3 years (most important)

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Age-related psychology. Crisis 3 years (most important)

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24. CRISIS 3 YEARS

The constructive content of the crisis is associated with the growing emancipation of the child from the adult.

The crisis of 3 years is a restructuring of the child's social relations, a change in his position in relation to the surrounding adults, primarily to the authority of the parents. He tries to establish new, higher forms of relations with others.

The child develops a tendency to self-satisfy his needs, and the adult retains the old type of relationship and thereby limits the child's activity. The child may act contrary to his wishes (vice versa). So, refusing momentary desires, he can show his character, his "I".

The most valuable neoplasm of this age is the desire of the child to do something on their own. He starts to say: "I myself."

At this age, a child may somewhat overestimate his abilities and abilities (i.e., self-esteem), but he can already do a lot on his own. The child needs communication, he needs the approval of an adult, new successes, there is a desire to become a leader. The developing child resists the old relationship.

He is naughty, showing a negative attitude towards the requirements of an adult. The crisis of 3 years is a transient phenomenon, but the neoplasms associated with it (separation of oneself from others, comparing oneself with other people) is an important step in the mental development of the child.

The desire to be like adults can only find its fullest expression in the form of play. Therefore, the crisis of 3 years is resolved by the transition of the child to play activities.

E. Koehler characterized the crisis phenomena:

1) negativism - the unwillingness of the child to obey the established rules and fulfill the requirements of the parents;

2) stubbornness - when the child does not hear, does not perceive other people's arguments, insisting on his own;

3) obstinacy - the child does not accept and opposes the established household way;

4) self-will - the desire of the child to be independent of an adult, that is, to be independent;

5) depreciation of an adult - the child ceases to respect adults, may even insult them, parents cease to be an authority for him;

6) protest-rebellion - any action of the child begins to resemble a protest;

7) despotism - the child begins to show despotism in relation to parents and adults in general.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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