Age-related psychology. Stage of child development and its composition (most important)

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Age-related psychology. Stage of child development and its composition (most important)

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10. STAGE OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS COMPOSITION

If we consider childhood development as a stage in the formation of a personality, then we can divide it into several periods. Periods of childhood:

1) neonatal crisis;

2) infancy (the first year of a child's life);

3) crisis of the 1st year of a child's life;

4) childhood crisis;

5) crisis 3 years;

6) preschool childhood;

7) crisis 7 years;

8) primary school age;

9) crisis 11-12 years old;

10) adolescence.

All periods were identified using the requirements for them. Each of them should include a new social situation of development in which the child finds himself, the formation of a new leading type of activity, new formations in the child's psyche.

Neonatal crisis. It examines the physical and mental state of the newborn in the first hours of his life, their features.

Infancy. Developmental psychology during this period is engaged in the study of congenital forms of the psyche and behavior, the motor activity of the infant, and the characteristics of his mental functions.

Crisis of the 1st year of life. The following are studied: a new type of child's activity, his new social situation, the emergence of new means of communication, the break in the psychological unity of mother and child, new methods and tasks of education.

Childhood crisis. At this stage, the features of mental and physiological processes, neoplasms of this age and the appearance of contradictions, speech development and the development of mental abilities, their features are studied.

Crisis 3 years. Neoplasms, the social situation of development, age-related symptoms are being studied.

Preschool childhood. Cognitive processes, leading activities of this age, features of mental functions, as well as the child's psychological readiness for schooling and personality development are studied.

Crisis 7 years. They study the social situation of development, the formation of self-esteem and self-awareness.

Junior school age. Psychological features at the initial stage of education, cognitive development of younger schoolchildren, mental development, main activities, personality development are studied.

Crisis 11-12 years. The social situation of development, the new formation of the personality, the leading type of activity are studied.

Teenage childhood. The development of cognitive processes, the development of the psyche, thinking, the development of special abilities, the personality of the child and interpersonal relationships are being studied.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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