Age-related psychology. Developmental psychology as a science: subject and sections (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Developmental psychology as a science: subject and sections (the most important)

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1. AGE PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE: SUBJECT AND SECTIONS

Developmental psychology is one of the areas of psychology. The subjects of developmental psychology are the study and formation of ideas about the mental development of children of each age stage and the transition from one age to another. The psychological characteristics of each age stage of development of children are compiled. Each age stage has its own unique characteristics and internal conditions of development. Developmental psychology deals with the study of the dynamics of mental processes. For developmental psychology, the concept of "age" is interesting, which L. S. Vygotsky described as a certain cycle in human development, which has its own structure and dynamics. In the process of each cycle of development, psychological and physiological changes occur that do not depend on individual differences and are inherent in all people (taking into account the norm of their development).

The sections of developmental psychology are as follows:

1) child psychology - a branch of psychological science that studies the conditions and driving forces for the development of the psyche of children, as well as the laws governing the functioning of the child as a person. She studies the activities of children, the features of this process. This includes children's games, mastery of labor skills, learning features;

2) psychology of youth - a branch of psychological science that studies the characteristics of children of older adolescence, the crisis of this period, the study of the life positions of children, their aspirations for self-determination;

3) the psychology of adulthood studies the patterns of human development mechanisms at the stage of his maturity and especially when he reaches the highest level in this development, i.e. this section of developmental psychology studies the personality characteristics characteristic of a given period, as well as the study of crises of adulthood ;

4) gerontopsychology - a branch of psychological science that studies mental phenomena and processes associated with aging of the body, reveals involutionary tendencies of blunting and attenuation of some mental functions, decline in activity, weakening of mental stability, exploring the conditions of personal safety of older people, psychological assistance.

The concept of "age" is divided into psychological and chronological. Chronological is the passport age, i.e. the fixed date of birth. It is a kind of background for the processes of mental development and the formation of a person as a person. Psychological age is not related to the date of birth, it is not determined by the number of psychological processes. It depends on the inner content, on what feelings, aspirations, desires a person experiences.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

>> Forward: Problems and directions in the development of developmental psychology

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The hearts of the singing choristers are in sync 24.07.2013

Singers who sing in a choir synchronize their heartbeats, and as a result, their pulse speeds up and slows down at the same time, according to a study by scientists from the Salgren Academy at the University of Gothenburg (Sweden). Now scientists have precisely defined what it means to "sing in unison."

The purpose of the study by Swedish scientists is to study the effect of music on our body and health and to find new forms of using music for medical purposes, primarily within the framework of rehabilitation and preventive care. In this part of the study, scientists have already proven that music affects the heart rate of each chorister.

The experiment involved 15 students from a school in Gothenburg. They were asked to perform three choral exercises: monotonous humming, playing a well-known Christmas carol and chanting mantras. In each case, the researchers recorded the heart rhythms of all the participants in the choir. The results of the study showed that music has a direct effect on the heartbeat of each chorister, and at the same time, the pulse of all singers is synchronized during singing - it speeds up and slows down at the same time.

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Choral singing helps develop the skill of controlled breathing. In addition, the pulse and heartbeat of the choristers are synchronized during the performance

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