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Virtual keyboard on beams of light

22.04.2002

CeBIT presents a full-sized virtual keyboard for mobile devices, developed by the Israeli company Developer VKB.

The image of the keys is projected directly onto the surface of the table. Rays of light register hand movements. Information is transmitted to the device to which the "keyboard" is connected. The same projector can replace a mouse.

The creators suggest that the new device will find demand among users of compact devices that do not have a keyboard. It can be connected to pocket and tablet computers, mobile phones, and possibly even laptops.

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The uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics 12.11.2014

Quantum mechanics is the basis of modern physics of the microcosm and, for all its paradoxical nature, works perfectly in all its known sections. Moreover, classical physics can also be deduced from it (as the limit of quantum mechanics, tending to zero Planck's constant h, which determines quantum phenomena). So we can talk about the universality of the laws of quantum mechanics. But, despite the huge success, it has a significant drawback. One of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (for example, uncertainty in determining position and momentum), has no justification. Of course, practical success is a sufficient justification for accepting this mysterious rule, but this does not stop physicists from searching for its explanation.

Researchers from the University of Southern California, renowned string theorist Professor Yitzhak Bars, and his Russian graduate student Dmitry Rychkov (graduated from Moscow State University in 2005), attempted to explain the origin of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle by deriving it from string field theory. This result is published in Physics Letters.

As you know, string theory was proposed in the 1970s to solve the problems of quantum gravity and the Standard Model. The success of quantum physics in describing the three non-gravitational fundamental interactions leads physicists to the idea that the gravitational interaction can be described in the same way. But, despite active research over many decades, the quantum theory of gravity has not yet been created.

String theory assumes that the basic unit of matter is a microscopic string (on the order of the Planck length of 10?35 m), and not a point, and that the possible interactions of matter are mergers or splittings of these strings. For four decades, physicists have been working in this direction. The theory has gone through two ups-revolutions and periods of decline. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are no experimental data on string theory. Experiments on such small scales are currently beyond the technical possibilities of science. Because of this, a number of physicists even consider string theory to be only "mathematical tricks". The work of scientists is supported by hopes of creating a "theory of everything", as well as answering questions inaccessible to the Standard Model, for example, why quarks and leptons have an electric charge, color and flavor that distinguish them from each other, how to determine the fine structure constant from the theory 1/ 137 and a number of other constants, etc.

But until now, researchers have assumed that string theory is created in accordance with quantum mechanics and have only worked towards using quantum mechanics to try to test string field theory.

The authors of this paper decided to do the opposite. After assuming that string field theory was correct, they used it to try to confirm quantum mechanics itself.

In a paper that reformulates string field theory in clearer language, Itzhak Bars and Dmitry Rychkov have shown that a set of fundamental principles of quantum mechanics known as "commutation rules" (uncertainty principles) can be derived from the geometry of string fusion and splitting. Thus, instead of accepting the quantum commutation rules as a postulate, the authors derive them from the physical process of string interactions.

This result can serve as an argument in favor of the "physicality" of string theory. After all, if with its help it is possible to explain the origin of the laws of quantum mechanics, then, according to Yitzhak Bars, this will not only "may unravel the mystery of where quantum mechanics comes from," but also open the door for recognition of the string field theory, or as yet not developed wider its variant, called M-theory, is the basis of all physics.

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