Age-related psychology. Semantic function and its importance for children (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Semantic function and its importance for children (the most important)

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18. SEMANTIC FUNCTION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CHILDREN

The first simple sounds uttered by a child appear in the 1st month of life. The child begins to pay attention to the speech of an adult.

The buzzing appears between 2 and 4 months. At 3 months, the child has his own speech reactions to the speech of an adult. At 4-6 months, the child goes through the cooing stage, begins to repeat simple syllables after the adult. In the same period, the child is able to distinguish intonation the speech addressed to him. The first words appear in a child's speech at 9-10 months.

At 7 months, we can talk about the appearance of intonation in a child. On average, a one and a half year old baby operates with fifty words. At about 1 year old, the child begins to pronounce individual words, name objects. For about 2 years, he calls simple sentences consisting of two or three words.

The child begins active verbal communication. From the age of 1, he switches to phonemic speech, and this period continues until the age of 4. The child’s vocabulary quickly expands, and by the age of 3 he knows about 1500 words. From 1 year to 2 years, the child uses words without changing them. But in the period from 2 to 3 years, the grammatical side of speech begins to form, he learns to coordinate words. The child begins to understand the meaning of words, which determines the development of the semantic function of speech. His understanding of objects becomes more accurate and correct. He can differentiate words and understand the generalized meaning. From 1 year to 3 years, the child enters the stage of pronouncing polysemantic words, but their number in his vocabulary is still small.

Verbal generalizations in a child begin to form from the 1st year of life. First, he combines objects into groups according to external signs, then - according to functional ones. Next, general features of objects are formed. The child begins to imitate adults in his speech.

If an adult encourages the child, actively communicates with him, then the child's speech will develop faster. At the age of 3-4, the child begins to operate with concepts (this is how words can be defined by the semantic language structure), but they are not yet fully understood by him. His speech becomes more coherent and takes the form of a dialogue. The child develops contextual speech, egocentric speech appears. But still at this age the child is not fully aware of the meaning of words. Most often, his sentences are built only from nouns, adjectives and verbs are excluded. But gradually the child begins to master all parts of speech: first, adjectives and verbs, then unions and prepositions appear in his speech. At 5 years old, a child already masters grammar rules. Its vocabulary contains about 14 words. The child can correctly compose sentences, change words, use temporary forms of the verb. Dialogue develops.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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