Age-related psychology. Features of psychological changes associated with retirement (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Features of psychological changes associated with retirement (the most important)

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49. FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH RETIREMENT

Retirement is a very important stage in a person's life. It entails many changes, one of which is a change in the image, lifestyle. This is the transition of a person from one social role to another.

The personality of a person changes, he begins to behave differently, treat people, rethink reality and his values. He needs to come to terms with a new social role, that is, to understand what opportunities open up before him, what paths are closed to him, what it means to be a pensioner.

E. S. Averbukh says that retirement becomes a traumatic situation for a person. His self-esteem plummets, he feels socially worthless, his level of self-esteem goes down. He needs to rebuild his life.

Yu. M. Gubachev distinguished that the sooner a person retires, the sooner he will become physically, spiritually and mentally inactive, which can adversely affect his personality. The difference of this life stage is the social attitude towards it.

A person who is used to fulfilling certain duties every day, building his day time by time, retiring, is lost. He had a certain model of behavior, which is now no longer relevant. This can lead to aggressive behavior.

Retirement is a change in the situation not only for one person, but also for those around him, so both the pensioner and his relatives go through the process of adaptation.

Many researchers have come to the conclusion that retired people need some time to realize their new status, to form their new lifestyle (this is a necessary adaptation process).

A person faces a difficult choice of occupation. He must properly organize his time. During this period, the family plays an important role for the pensioner. This is where a person can fill in the gaps in communication.

The phases of the pension process proposed by R. S. Ashley do not have a strict sequence and clear age limits:

1) pre-retirement phase;

2) the "honeymoon" phase;

3) disappointment phase;

4) phase of stability;

5) the final phase.

The role of the family in creating a psychologically comfortable climate is especially high in the final phase, when a person, as it were, sums up the results of his entire life.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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