Age-related psychology. Crisis of the child’s 1st year of life (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Age-related psychology. Crisis of the child’s 1st year of life (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

20. CRISIS OF THE 1st YEAR OF A CHILD'S LIFE

By the 1st year of life, the child becomes more independent. At this age, children are already getting up on their own, learning to walk. The ability to move without the help of an adult gives the child a sense of freedom and independence.

During this period, children are very active, they master what was not available to them before. The desire to be independent from an adult can also manifest itself in the child's negative behavior. Having felt freedom, children do not want to part with this feeling and obey adults.

Now the child himself chooses the type of activity. At the refusal of an adult, a child may show negativism: scream, cry, etc. Such manifestations are called the crisis of the 1st year of life, which was studied by S. Yu. Meshcheryakova.

Based on the results of a survey of parents, S. Yu. Meshcheryakova concluded that all these processes are temporary and transient. She divided them into 5 subgroups:

1) difficult to educate - the child is stubborn, does not want to obey the requirements of adults, shows perseverance and desire for constant parental attention;

2) the child has many forms of communication that were previously unusual for him. They can be positive and negative. The child violates regime moments, he develops new skills;

3) the child is very vulnerable and can show strong emotional reactions to the condemnation and punishment of adults;

4) the child, faced with difficulties, may contradict himself. If something does not work out, the child calls on an adult to help him, but immediately refuses the help offered to him;

5) the child can be very capricious. The crisis of the 1st year of life affects the life of the child as a whole. The areas affected by this period are the following: objective activity, the child's relationship with adults, the child's attitude towards himself. In objective activity, the child becomes more independent, he becomes more interested in various objects, he manipulates and plays with them. The child strives to be independent and independent, he wants to do everything himself, despite the fact that he lacks skills. In relation to adults, the child becomes more demanding, he may show aggression towards loved ones. Strangers cause him distrust, the child becomes selective in communication and may refuse contact with a stranger. The child's attitude towards himself also undergoes changes.

The child becomes more self-reliant and independent and wants adults to recognize this, allowing him to act in accordance with his own desires. The child is often offended and protests when parents demand submission from him, not wanting to fulfill his whims.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

<< Back: Features of the reproductive activity of children

>> Forward: Stages of sensory development of children of the 1st year of life

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Municipal law. Crib

▪ Insurance business. Crib

▪ Economical geography. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Snapdragon X5 75G modem 23.02.2023

Qualcomm has unveiled the Snapdragon X75 5G modem, the world's first to offer 10-carrier aggregation.

The manufacturer itself says that this is the first 5G Advanced-ready Modem-RF System. In fact, the modem is really unique. In addition to the already mentioned feature, it also stands out with the presence of its own Qualcomm 5G AI Processor Gen 2 tensor block to increase performance using II. In addition, the modem offers up to 10Gbps downlink speeds for both 5G and Wi-Fi 7.

Qualcomm is also dedicating a converged receiver for mmWave and Sub-6 bands in combination with the new Qualcom QTM565 fifth generation mmWave antenna modules, reducing cost, board complexity and power consumption. Support for Qualcomm DSDA Gen 2 allows you to simultaneously use 5G/4G Dual Data on two SIM cards.

The Snapdragon X75 5G is expected to be integrated into the Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 SoC, which may come out earlier this year than its predecessor. In addition, the new modem is likely to be used in the iPhone 16 line.

In addition to the top-end modem, Qualcomm also introduced the Snapdragon X72 5G. It also belongs to the Modem-RF family, is equipped with the same tensor block and is generally very similar to the X75, but the download speed is limited to 4,4 Gb / s.

Other interesting news:

▪ Welded shirt

▪ Office time optimization

▪ Voice over Bluetooth Low Energy

▪ Updated Efinix Titanium FPGA line

▪ Control of phonons with photons of light

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Biographies of great scientists. Article selection

▪ article GPS navigation system. History of invention and production

▪ article Why are extremely severe punishments called draconian measures? Detailed answer

▪ article Machinist of a drilling and crane installation. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Another life of LPT port. Part 2. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Luminescent linear scale. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews