Age-related psychology. Mental abilities and memory of older people. Retirement stress and its manifestations (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Mental abilities and memory of older people. Retirement stress and its manifestations (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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54. MENTAL ABILITIES AND MEMORY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE. PENSION STRESS AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS

Usually, the intellectual abilities of older people were considered limited and put forward the concept of "intellectual deficit". But recently scientists do not adhere to this opinion.

Most often, indicators of intellectual abilities are reduced due to the greater amount of time required for an elderly person in solving problems. If, when conducting research, a person is not limited by time frames, then tasks will be solved more successfully.

Some researchers believe that there is no need to compare the results of tests conducted in older people with those of younger people. These are only indicators of the specifics of intelligence, and not its quality. The thinking of the young has a different direction than that of the elderly. They strive for new knowledge, set new goals for themselves, solve problems that arise on the way to achieving them, while older people solve problems using their personal experience.

People engaged in creative or intellectual activities in old age (for example, teachers after retirement, staying at school and continuing their professional activities), retain the ability of flexibility and mobility of thinking longer.

American psychologists are sure that the physical condition of a person, forced isolation from society, lack of education and other reasons not caused by aging have a great influence on intellectual abilities. Investigating the mental functions and processes of the elderly, special attention is paid to memory. During this period, the functionality of memory weakens, it happens gradually and not at all totally. First of all, short-term memory suffers (it is more difficult for older people to remember the events of recent days). Long-term memory weakens later in life.

Retirement is a significant moment in a person's life. Since that time, his life has entered a new stage of development. Retirement itself can be stressful for a person, as there are many life changes associated with it. First of all, a person loses his former social status, his self-esteem and self-respect decrease sharply. A person is forced to adapt to new conditions, and adaptation does not always go smoothly and calmly. A person needs to reorganize his life, reconsider such a familiar way of life, the world around him, people, and his own values.

Many researchers believe that the quick and painless process of adaptation is influenced by the individual characteristics of a person, the choice of a new and interesting occupation, and the support of loved ones.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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