Age-related psychology. Specifics of mental and physiological development of adolescents (boys, girls) (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Specifics of mental and physiological development of adolescents (boys, girls) (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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35. SPECIFICITY OF MENTAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEENAGERS (BOYS, GIRLS)

In adolescence, the body of children is rebuilt and undergoes a number of changes.

Their endocrine system begins to change first. Many hormones enter the bloodstream, contributing to the development and growth of tissues. Children start growing fast. At the same time, their puberty occurs. In boys, these processes occur at the age of 13-15, while in girls - at 11-13.

The musculoskeletal system of adolescents also changes. Since a growth spurt occurs during this period, these changes are pronounced. In adolescents, features characteristic of the female and male sexes appear, body proportions change.

Sizes similar to adults are first reached by the head, hands and feet, then the limbs lengthen, and the trunk increases last. This discrepancy in proportions is the cause of the angularity of children in adolescence.

The cardiovascular and nervous systems are also subject to changes during this period. Since the development of the body is proceeding at a fairly rapid pace, difficulties may arise in the work of the heart, lungs and in the blood supply to the brain.

All these changes cause both a surge of energy and an acute sensitivity to various influences. Negative manifestations can be avoided by not overloading the child with many tasks, protecting him from the effects of prolonged negative experiences.

Puberty is an important moment in the development of a child as a person. External changes make him look like adults, and the child begins to feel differently (older, more mature, more independent).

Mental processes, like physiological ones, also undergo changes. At this age, the child begins to consciously control his own mental operations. It affects all mental functions: memory, perception, attention. The child is fascinated by thinking itself, by the fact that he can operate with various concepts, hypotheses. The perception of the child becomes more meaningful.

Memory goes through the process of intellectualization. In other words, the child remembers information purposefully, consciously.

In period I, the importance of the function of communication increases. There is a socialization of the individual. The child learns moral norms and rules.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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