Age-related psychology. Preschool age (3-7 years). Development of attention, memory and imagination (the most important)

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Age-related psychology. Preschool age (3-7 years). Development of attention, memory and imagination (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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29. PRESCHOOL AGE (3-7 YEARS). DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION, MEMORY AND IMAGINATION

At preschool age, attention becomes more concentrated and stable. Children learn to control it and can already direct it to various objects.

A 4-5 year old child is able to maintain attention. For each age, attention span is different and is determined by the child’s interest and capabilities. So, at 3-4 years old, a child is attracted to bright, interesting pictures, on which he can hold his attention for up to 8 seconds.

For children of 6-7 years old, fairy tales, puzzles, riddles are interesting, which can hold their attention for up to 12 seconds. In children of 7 years old, the ability to voluntary attention is rapidly developing.

The development of voluntary attention is influenced by the development of speech and the ability to follow the verbal instructions of adults who direct the child's attention to the desired object.

Under the influence of play (and partly labor) activity, the attention of an older preschooler reaches a sufficiently high degree of development, which provides him with the opportunity to study at school.

Children begin to memorize voluntarily from the age of 3-4 due to active participation in games that require conscious memorization of any objects, actions,

words, as well as due to the gradual involvement of preschoolers in the feasible work of self-service and the implementation of instructions and instructions from elders.

Preschoolers tend not only to mechanical memorization, on the contrary, meaningful memorization is more characteristic of them. They resort to mechanical memorization only when they find it difficult to understand and comprehend the material.

At preschool age, verbal-logical memory is still poorly developed, visual-figurative and emotional memory is of primary importance.

The imagination of preschoolers has its own characteristics. For 3-5-year-old children, reproductive imagination is characteristic, that is, everything seen and experienced by children during the day is reproduced in images that are emotionally colored. But by themselves, these images are not able to exist, they need support in the form of toys, objects that perform a symbolic function.

The first manifestations of imagination can be observed in three-year-old children. By this time, the child has accumulated some life experience that provides material for the imagination. The game, as well as constructive activities, drawing, modeling, are of paramount importance in the development of the imagination.

Preschoolers do not have much knowledge, so their imagination is sparing.

Author: Loshchenkova Z.B.

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